Combined effects of glycemic status and adiposity on cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: A nationwide population-based study

doi:10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.114624

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Jan 15, 2026; 17(1): 114624
Published online Jan 15, 2026. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.114624

Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants by level of body mass index

Group	BMI (kg/m²)					P value
Group	< 18.5 (n = 56566)	< 23 (n = 535450)	< 25 (n = 410244)	< 30 (n = 602426)	≥ 30 (n = 110173)	P value
Age (year)	51.24 ± 20.28	56.65 ± 15.99	59.59 ± 13.39	58.95 ± 13.19	53.53 ± 14.69	< 0.0001
39	19502 (34.48)	80030 (14.95)	30517 (7.44)	47728 (7.92)	20765 (18.85)	< 0.0001
40-64	19602 (34.65)	270107 (50.44)	220489 (53.75)	332408 (55.18)	60316 (54.75)
≥ 65	17462 (30.87)	185313 (34.61)	159238 (38.82)	222290 (36.9)	29092 (26.41)
Sex (male)	16627 (29.39)	210349 (39.28)	207643 (50.61)	326356 (54.17)	54134 (49.14)	< 0.0001
Smoking						< 0.0001
Non	41252 (72.93)	374889 (70.01)	263541 (64.24)	370438 (61.49)	68978 (62.61)
Former	4484 (7.93)	67386 (12.58)	74651 (18.20)	120838 (20.06)	17383 (15.78)
Current	10830 (19.15)	93175 (17.40)	72052 (17.56)	111150 (18.45)	23812 (21.61)
Drinking¹						< 0.0001
Non	36289 (64.15)	345181 (64.47)	256710 (62.57)	364598 (60.52)	66010 (59.91)
Mild	17634 (31.17)	162628 (30.37)	127973 (31.19)	191763 (31.83)	34297 (31.13)
Heavy	2643 (4.67)	27641 (5.16)	25561 (6.23)	46065 (7.65)	9866 (8.96)
Physical activity-regular²	7235 (12.79)	106891 (19.96)	91849 (22.39)	126601 (21.02)	18704 (16.98)	< 0.0001
Income-low³	13067 (23.10)	120206 (22.45)	87657 (21.37)	127458 (21.16)	24661 (22.38)	< 0.0001
Hypertension	14261 (25.21)	206166 (38.5)	212345 (51.76)	372258 (61.79)	78355 (71.12)	< 0.0001
Dyslipidemia	8264 (14.61)	143192 (26.74)	150791 (36.76)	258843 (42.97)	52756 (47.88)	< 0.0001
eGFR < 60 mL/minute/1.73 m²	23040 (40.73)	298062 (55.67)	255719 (62.33)	363721 (60.38)	51122 (46.40)	< 0.0001
Proteninuria, positive	35622 (62.97)	259211 (48.41)	172597 (42.07)	267338 (44.38)	64467 (58.51)	< 0.0001
Height, cm	160.74 ± 8.76	160.7 ± 8.93	161.42 ± 9.38	161.95 ± 9.74	162.48 ± 10.69	< 0.0001
Weight, kg	45.11 ± 5.50	54.95 ± 6.92	62.64 ± 7.45	70.7 ± 9.21	85.8 ± 13.26	< 0.0001
BMI, kg/m²	17.4 ± 0.92	21.21 ± 1.2	23.95 ± 0.57	26.86 ± 1.33	32.35 ± 2.53	< 0.0001
Waist circumference, cm	66.44 ± 6.20	75.24 ± 6.61	82.12 ± 5.83	88.33 ± 6.37	98.71 ± 8.13	< 0.0001
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	98.56 ± 34.86	103.29 ± 34.63	107.86 ± 34.75	111.82 ± 36.18	119.11 ± 41.66	< 0.0001
SBP, mmHg	116.46 ± 16.62	122.15 ± 16.2	126.51 ± 15.6	129.54 ± 15.56	134.12 ± 16.85	< 0.0001
DBP, mmHg	72.68 ± 10.47	75.16 ± 10.27	77.49 ± 10.13	79.56 ± 10.42	83.07 ± 11.85	< 0.0001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	185.47 ± 37.79	194.51 ± 39.8	199.27 ± 41.18	201.09 ± 42.17	204.02 ± 43.11	< 0.0001
HDL-C, mg/dL	63.82 ± 19.06	57.73 ± 17.3	53.03 ± 15.56	50.85 ± 14.68	49.66 ± 14.08	< 0.0001
LDL-C, mg/dL	102.76 ± 33.77	113.4 ± 36.16	117.81 ± 37.74	118.01 ± 38.69	118.47 ± 39.65	< 0.0001
eGFR, mL/minute/1.73 m²	78.73 ± 29.01	70.14 ± 25.38	66.19 ± 22.44	66.76 ± 22.43	73.77 ± 25.75	< 0.0001
Triglyceride, mg/dL	82.17 (81.84-82.52)	100.83 (100.68-100.98)	124.19 (123.99-124.4)	142.81 (142.61-143)	162.06 (161.55-162.58)	< 0.0001

¹Alcohol consumptions ≥ 30 g/day.

²Regular exercise: Mid-term exercise ≥ 5 days or vigorous exercise ≥ 3 days in a week.

³Low income 25%.

Data were showed as mean ± SD, n (%) or median (range). eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

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Citation: Bae EH, Lim SY, Kim BS, Han K, Suh SH, Choi HS, Yang EM, Kim CS, Ma SK, Kim SW. Combined effects of glycemic status and adiposity on cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: A nationwide population-based study. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(1): 114624
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v17/i1/114624.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.114624

Bae EH, Lim SY, Kim BS, Han K, Suh SH, Choi HS, Yang EM, Kim CS, Ma SK, Kim SW. Combined effects of glycemic status and adiposity on cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: A nationwide population-based study. World J Diabetes 2026; 17(1): 114624 [PMID: 41608095 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v17.i1.114624]

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