Combined effects of glycemic status and adiposity on cardiovascular risk in chronic kidney disease: A nationwide population-based study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of subjects according to diabetes mellitus status

Group	Total (n = 1714859)	Normal (n = 857846)	IFG (n = 457410)	DM (n = 399603)	P value
Age (year)	57.78 ± 14.68	54.81 ± 15.65	59.25 ± 13.66	62.50 ± 11.89	< 0.0001
39	198542 (11.58)	149867 (17.47)	35887 (7.85)	12788 (3.20)	< 0.0001
40-64	902922 (52.65)	449993 (52.46)	249689 (54.59)	203240 (50.86)
≥ 65	613395 (35.77)	257986 (30.07)	171834 (37.57)	183575 (45.94)
Sex (male)	815109 (47.53)	350599 (40.87)	236377 (51.68)	228133 (57.09)	< 0.0001
Smoking					< 0.0001
Non	1119098 (65.26)	599967 (69.94)	286581 (62.65)	232550 (58.2)
Former	284742 (16.60)	118485 (13.81)	85402 (18.67)	80855 (20.23)
Current	311019 (18.14)	139394 (16.25)	85427 (18.68)	86198 (21.57)
Heavy drinker1					< 0.0001
Non	1068788 (62.33)	544658 (63.49)	271279 (59.31)	252851 (63.28)
Mild	534295 (31.16)	272101 (31.72)	149782 (32.75)	112412 (28.13)
Heavy	111776 (6.52)	41087 (4.79)	36349 (7.95)	34340 (8.59)
Physical activity-regular	351280 (20.48)	174600 (20.35)	94593 (20.68)	82087 (20.54)	< 0.0001
Income-low2	373049 (21.75)	183523 (21.39)	97205 (21.25)	92321 (23.1)	< 0.0001
Hypertension	883385 (51.51)	336506 (39.23)	249054 (54.45)	297825 (74.53)	< 0.0001
Dyslipidemia	613846 (35.8)	229687 (26.77)	165923 (36.27)	218236 (54.61)	< 0.0001
eGFR < 60 mL/minute/1.73 m2	991664 (57.83)	472872 (55.12)	279726 (61.15)	239066 (59.83)	< 0.0001
Proteninuria, positive	799235 (46.61)	411203 (47.93)	195049 (42.64)	192983 (48.29)	< 0.0001
Height, cm	161.43 ± 9.46	161.22 ± 9.36	161.73 ± 9.62	161.53 ± 9.48	< 0.0001
Weight, kg	63.98 ± 12.43	62.00 ± 11.90	65.46 ± 12.63	66.52 ± 12.60	< 0.0001
BMI, kg/m2	24.44 ± 3.55	23.75 ± 3.41	24.90 ± 3.49	25.39 ± 3.61	< 0.0001
Waist circumference, cm	82.70 ± 9.76	80.17 ± 9.60	83.97 ± 9.25	86.68 ± 9.05	< 0.0001
Fasting glucose, mg/dL	108.24 ± 36.02	88.85 ± 7.41	108.53 ± 6.79	149.52 ± 53.73	< 0.0001
SBP, mmHg	126.37 ± 16.40	123.28 ± 15.91	128.38 ± 16.05	130.71 ± 16.47	< 0.0001
DBP, mmHg	77.69 ± 10.69	76.40 ± 10.49	79.16 ± 10.70	78.78 ± 10.75	< 0.0001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	198.27 ± 41.31	197.97 ± 38.72	205.44 ± 41.04	190.72 ± 45.40	< 0.0001
HDL-C, mg/dL	53.87 ± 16.26	55.79 ± 16.69	53.81 ± 15.82	49.82 ± 15.00	< 0.0001
LDL-C, mg/dL	116.05 ± 37.74	117.34 ± 35.65	121.51 ± 38.03	107.02 ± 40.10	< 0.0001
eGFR, mL/minute/1.73 m2	68.52 ± 24.02	71.03 ± 25.23	66.63 ± 22.03	65.30 ± 22.94	< 0.0001
Triglyceride, mg/dL	122.65 (122.54-122.75)	107.31 (107.18-107.43)	132.22 (132.01-132.43)	149.92 (149.67-150.18)	< 0.0001

¹Alcohol consumptions ≥ 30 g/day.

²Low income 25%.

Data were showed as mean ± SD, n (%) or median (range). Abdominal obesity: Waist circumference ≥ 90 in male, ≥ 85 in female. DM: Diabetes mellitus; IFG: Impaired fasting glucose; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.