Body composition and adipokines in pregnant women: Associations with gestational diabetes mellitus risk

Table 2 Comparison of body composition components between gestational diabetes mellitus group and normal glucose tolerance group, mean ± SD

Body composition indicator	GDM group (n = 276)	NGT group (n = 1380)	Test statistic	P value
FMP (%)	36.23 ± 7.54	33.12 ± 9.87	t = 5.23	< 0.001
FFMP (%)	60.12 ± 7.23	63.45 ± 9.56	t = -4.89	< 0.001
MP (%)	56.34 ± 6.45	59.23 ± 9.12	t = -4.56	< 0.001
PP (%)	11.54 ± 1.65	12.56 ± 2.43	t = -5.12	< 0.001
ECW/ICW	0.63 ± 0.03	0.61 ± 0.02	t = 4.21	0.012
M/F	1.55 ± 0.49	1.80 ± 0.90	t = -4.32	< 0.001
FMI (kg/m²)	9.87 ± 3.32	8.34 ± 4.11	t = 4.67	< 0.001
BM (kcal)	1587.34 ± 93.21	1565.43 ± 142.34	t = 1.43	0.135

GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; NGT: Normal glucose tolerance; BM: Basal metabolism; FMP: Fat mass percentage; FFMP: Fat-free mass percentage; MP: Muscle percentage; PP: Protein percentage; ECW/ICW: Extracellular-to-intracellular water ratio; M/F: Muscle-to-fat ratio; FMI: Fat mass index.