Magnetic resonance imaging derived biomarkers for the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with insulin resistance: A pilot study

Table 2 Basic characteristics of subjects, mean ± SD/n (total)

Parameters	Control	T2DM-nonIR	T2DM-IR	P value
Basic characteristics
Age (years)	55.31 ± 9.55	55.40 ± 7.97	61.67 ± 8.93	0.031
Sex	F: 27, M: 11	F: 23, M: 17	F: 8, M: 10	0.145
Height (m)	1.64 ± 0.05	1.62 ± 0.08	1.61 ± 0.08	0.151
Weight (kg)	64.65 ± 9.10	62.57 ± 9.07	64.36 ± 9.72	0.742
BMI (kg/m2)	23.83 ± 2.97	23.76 ± 2.55	24.91 ± 2.82	0.395
Waist circumstance (cm)	78.63 ± 24.07	87.57 ± 10.59	93.67 ± 7.45	0.021
Diabetes history
Disease course (years)	/	6.93 ± 6.68	11.94 ± 8.92	0.000
Bad control of diabetes	0 (39)	35 (40)	15 (18)	0.000
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	4.88 ± 0.20	13.10 ± 7.47	10.93 ± 5.47	0.011
HbA1c (%)	/	8.59 ± 2.77	8.20 ± 1.60	0.911
HOMA-IR	/	0.66 ± 0.37	4.48 ± 3.02	0.000
Insulin (μIU/mL)	/	19.38 ± 12.39	44.55 ± 38.30	0.087
C-peptide (ng/mL)	/	3.89 ± 2.32	4.09 ± 3.02	0.874
Cardiovascular history and dyslipidemia
Cardiovascular disease	0	1	2	0.088
Hypertension	11 (39)	15 (40)	7 (18)	0.609
Total cholesterol	/	4.20 ± 0.97	3.95 ± 1.11	0.495
Triglyceride	/	1.89 ± 1.31	1.68 ± 1.13	0.296
HDL-C	/	1.09 ± 0.23	1.20 ± 0.45	0.545
Lifestyle
Smoking history	1 (39)	6 (40)	3 (18)	0.081
Alcohol history	1 (39)	7 (40)	3 (18)	0.050

T2DM-nonIR: Type 2 diabetes mellitus without insulin resistance; T2DM-IR: Type 2 diabetes mellitus with insulin resistance; BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment of insulin resistance; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol.