Efficacy of inositol supplementation in the prevention and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis

Table 2 Characteristics of the meta-analysis investigating the impact of inositol supplementation on gestational diabetes

Ref.	Participants and case	Study number	Therapy	Intervention time	Outcome	Quality
Chan et al[21]	MI and DCI 681	2	1-MI; 2-DCI	Early pregnancy1	GDM rate; FPG; 1-hour OGTT; 2-hour OGTT	Yes (allocation, random, incomplete, selective); no (blinding); moderate
Li and Shi[22]	MI 1319	4	1-4 g MI + 400 mg FA; 2-2 g MI + 27.6 mg DCI + 400 μg FA; 3-3 g MI; 4-4 g MI + 400 μg FA	Early pregnancy	GDM rate; FPG; 1-hour OGTT; 2-hour OGTT; PIH; preterm birth; infants with neonatal hypoglycemia	Yes (allocation, random, incomplete); no (blinding, selective); low
Greff et al[10]	MI 1357	5	1-4 g MI + 400 μg FA; 2-1100 mg MI + 27.6 mg DCI; 3-4 g MI + 40 μg FA; 4-4 g MI + 200 μg FA; 5-1100 mg MI + 27.6 mg DCI + 400 μg FA	Early pregnancy	GDM rate; FPG; 1-hour OGTT; 2-hour OGTT; preterm birth; PIH; neonatal hypoglycemia	Yes (allocation, random, incomplete); no (blinding, selective); high
Guo et al[23]	MI 686	1	1-2 g MI + 200 mg FA	Early pregnancy	GDM rate	Yes (allocation, random, incomplete, selective); no (blinding); moderate
Li and Fang[24]	MI and DCI 1250	3	1-2 g MI + 200 μg FA; 2-4 g MI + 400 μg FA; 3-1100 mg MI + 27.6 g DCI + 400 μg FA	From the first prenatal visit to 11 weeks of pregnancy	GDM; 2-hour OGTT; preterm delivery	Yes (allocation, random, incomplete, selective, blinding); high
Factor and Corpuz[25]	MI and DCI 586	3	1-4 g MI + 400 mg FA; 2-2 g MI + 200 μg FA; 3-1100 mg MI + 27.6 mg DCI + 400 μg FA	From pre-pregnancy until delivery	GDM rate; cesarean section; PIH; preterm birth	Yes (allocation, random;); no (blinding, incomplete, selective); low
Liu and Liu[26]	MI 344	4	1-2 g MI + 200 mg FA; 2-4 g MI + 400 μg FA; 3-1100 mg MI + 27.6 g DCI; 4-4 g MI + 200 μg FA	Early pregnancy	GDM rate; 2-hour OGTT; preterm delivery; gestational age at birth; birth weight	Yes (allocation, random, incomplete, selective); no (blinding); moderate
Mashayekh-Amiri et al[27]	MI 720	1	1-2 g MI + 200 μg FA	12-14 weeks of pregnancy	GDM rate; FPG; 1-hour OGTT; 2-hour OGTT; gestational hypertension; caesarian section; preterm delivery; macrosomia; neonatal hypoglycemia	Yes (allocation, random, selective); no (blinding, incomplete); low
Vitagliano et al[28]	MI and DCI 448	3	1-2 g MI + 200 μg FA; 2-2 g MI + 400 μg FA + 400 mg DCI; 3-1100 mg MI + 27.6 g DCI + 400 μg FA	From 13 to 24 weeks of pregnancy	GDM rate; FPG; 1-hour OGTT; 2-hour OGTT; hypertensive disorders; preterm delivery	Yes (allocation, random, incomplete, selective); no (blinding); moderate
Wei et al[12]	MI and DCI 671	4	1-2 g MI + 200 μg FA; 2-2 g MI + 27.6 mg DCI + 400 μg FA; 3-500 mg DCI + 400 μg FA; 4-0.55-4 g MI + 13.8 mg DCI + 200 μg FA	Early pregnancy	GDM rate; FPG; 1-hour OGTT; 2-hour OGTT	Yes (allocation, random, incomplete); no (blinding, selective); low
Zhang et al[29]	MI and DCI 432	2	1-1100 mg MI + 27.6 g DCI + 400 μg FA;2-2 g MI + 200 μg FA	Early pregnancy	GDM rate; preterm delivery; 2-hour OGTT; gestational age at birth; birth weight; macrosomia	Yes (allocation, random, selective); no (blinding, incomplete); low
Zheng et al[30]	MI 524	2	1-2 g MI + 200 mg FA; 2-4 g MI + 400 mg FA	12-13 weeks	GDM rate; birth weight; FPG; 1-hour OTGG; 2-hour OTGG	Yes (allocation, random, incomplete, selective); no (blinding); moderate

¹Early pregnancy: The exact number of weeks is not specified, but it is mentioned that starting in the first trimester.

MI: Myo-inositol; DCI: D-chiro inositol; FA: Folic acid; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; PIH: Pregnancy-induced hypertension.