Exploring the relationship between health knowledge, health literacy, self-care, self-efficacy, and glycemic control among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Sociodemographic data of study participants

Variables	Frequency (%)
Age group (n = 100)
< 50	16 (16.0)
50-59	27 (27.0)
≥ 60	57 (57.0)
Gender (n = 100)
Male	51 (51.0)
Female	49 (49.0)
Ethnic group (n = 100)
Malay	20 (20.0)
Chinese	33 (33.0)
Indian	45 (45.0)
Others	2 (2.0)
Education (n = 98)
Less than form 51	54 (55.1)
Form 5 or above	44 (44.9)
Income2 (n = 97)
B40	89 (91.8)
M40 or T20	8 (8.2)

¹Equivalent of year 11 of education.

²Defined based on percentile, B40 represents households in the bottom 40% income bracket, M40 includes those in the 41^st to 80^th percentile, and T20 refers to the top 20% of income earners.