Development and validation of a hypoglycemia risk prediction tool for hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin

Table 1 Incidence and characteristics of hypoglycemia events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin (n = 716)

	n (%) or mean ± SD		n (%)/M (P25, P75)
Frequency of hypoglycemic events		FPG before hypoglycemia	5.80 (4.80, 7.30)
0	442 (55.1)	Days of insulin treatment when hypoglycemia occurred	6.50 (4.00, 9.00)
1	166 (20.7)	Occurrence time
2	108 (13.5)	Before breakfast	106 (14.8)
3 and more	86 (10.7)	After breakfast	117 (16.3)
Hypoglycemia (mmol/L)	3.53 ± 0.40	Before lunch	187 (26.1)
Symptoms of hypoglycemia		After lunch	86 (12.0)
No symptom	455 (63.5)	Before dinner	69 (9.6)
Sweating	67 (9.4)	After dinner	48 (6.7)
Fatigue	37 (5.2)	Before sleep	76 (10.6)
Palpitation	56 (7.8)	Midnight/before dawn	27 (3.8)
Sense of hunger	54 (7.5)	Hypoglycemic trigger
Hands tremble	19 (2.7)	None	630 (88.0)
Dizzy	69 (9.6)	Reduced food intake	58 (8.1)
Blurred vision	6 (0.8)	Excessive exercise	11 (1.5)
Types of hypoglycemia		Examination related	15 (2.1)
Clinically significant	81 (11.3)	Excessive insulin dosage	2 (0.3)
Blood glucose alert value	617 (86.2)	Methods for alleviating hypoglycemia
Relative hypoglycemia	18 (2.5)	Eating food	475 (66.3)
Duration of hypoglycemia		Oral GS	172 (24.0)
15 minutes	617 (86.2)	Intravenous injection of GS	10 (1.4)
30 minutes	87 (12.1)	Eating food + Oral GS	59 (8.2)
> 30 minutes	12 (1.7)

FPG: Fasting blood glucose; GS: Glucose solution.