Triglyceride glucose-body mass index is associated with cardiovascular outcomes and overall mortality in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

Table 2 Risk of cardiovascular outcomes and total mortality based on triglyceride glucose, body mass index and triglyceride glucose-body mass index

Outcome	Non-adjusted		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Cardiovascular mortality
TyG-BMI
Q1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Q2	1.03 (0.82, 1.30)	0.7775	1.06 (0.84, 1.34)	0.6247	1.05 (0.83, 1.33)	0.6576	1.04 (0.82, 1.32)	0.7537
Q3	1.23 (0.98, 1.53)	0.0710	1.39 (1.10, 1.74)	0.0050	1.39 (1.10, 1.75)	0.0056	1.36 (1.07, 1.71)	0.0108
Q4	1.45 (1.17, 1.80)	0.0007	1.93 (1.53, 2.42)	< 0.0001	1.81 (1.42, 2.31)	< 0.0001	1.74 (1.36, 2.22)	< 0.0001
Per 1 SD	1.14 (1.05, 1.23)	0.0009	1.27 (1.17, 1.38)	< 0.0001	1.24 (1.13, 1.35)	< 0.0001	1.22 (1.11, 1.33)	< 0.0001
P for trend		0.0002		< 0.0001		< 0.0001		< 0.0001
TyG
Q1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Q2	0.90 (0.71, 1.14)	0.3720	0.89 (0.71, 1.13)	0.3514	0.90 (0.71, 1.14)	0.3819	0.89 (0.70, 1.13)	0.3308
Q3	1.19 (0.96, 1.48)	0.1156	1.21 (0.96, 1.51)	0.1015	1.17 (0.93, 1.49)	0.1859	1.19 (0.93, 1.51)	0.1608
Q4	1.37 (1.11, 1.70)	0.0033	1.46 (1.17, 1.82)	0.0009	1.48 (1.12, 1.96)	0.0058	1.43 (1.08, 1.89)	0.0130
Per 1 SD	1.15 (1.07, 1.24)	0.0003	1.19 (1.09, 1.28)	< 0.0001	1.23 (1.09, 1.39)	0.0008	1.20 (1.07, 1.36)	0.0024
P for trend		0.0003		< 0.0001		0.0027		0.0046
BMI
Q1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Q2	1.02 (0.82, 1.28)	0.8488	1.03 (0.82, 1.30)	0.7766	1.04 (0.83, 1.31)	0.7508	1.02 (0.81, 1.29)	0.8433
Q3	1.15 (0.92, 1.43)	0.2107	1.30 (1.04, 1.63)	0.0201	1.30 (1.04, 1.64)	0.0213	1.29 (1.03, 1.63)	0.0266
Q4	1.31 (1.06, 1.62)	0.0143	1.69 (1.34, 2.11)	< 0.0001	1.61 (1.28, 2.02)	< 0.0001	1.56 (1.23, 1.97)	0.0002
Per 1 SD	1.08 (1.00, 1.17)	0.0403	1.20 (1.11, 1.31)	< 0.0001	1.18 (1.09, 1.29)	< 0.0001	1.17 (1.07, 1.27)	0.0003
P for trend		0.0073		< 0.0001		< 0.0001		< 0.0001
CHF
TyG-BMI
Q1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Q2	1.29 (1.02, 1.64)	0.0331	1.34 (1.05, 1.70)	0.0176	1.29 (1.01, 1.65)	0.0376	1.29 (1.01, 1.66)	0.0393
Q3	1.46 (1.16, 1.84)	0.0015	1.77 (1.40, 2.25)	< 0.0001	1.75 (1.37, 2.23)	< 0.0001	1.71 (1.34, 2.19)	< 0.0001
Q4	2.15 (1.73, 2.68)	< 0.0001	3.03 (2.40, 3.83)	< 0.0001	2.70 (2.12, 3.45)	< 0.0001	2.65 (2.07, 3.40)	< 0.0001
Per 1 SD	1.32 (1.23, 1.42)	< 0.0001	1.52 (1.41, 1.65)	< 0.0001	1.46 (1.34, 1.58)	< 0.0001	1.45 (1.33, 1.58)	< 0.0001
P for trend		< 0.0001		< 0.0001		< 0.0001		< 0.0001
TyG
Q1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Q2	1.22 (0.97, 1.52)	0.0855	1.21 (0.97, 1.52)	0.0902	1.22 (0.97, 1.53)	0.0829	1.23 (0.98, 1.54)	0.0788
Q3	1.13 (0.90, 1.42)	0.2804	1.16 (0.92, 1.47)	0.1966	1.10 (0.86, 1.40)	0.4420	1.12 (0.88, 1.43)	0.3721
Q4	1.56 (1.26, 1.93)	< 0.0001	1.76 (1.41, 2.20)	< 0.0001	1.62 (1.24, 2.13)	0.0004	1.61 (1.22, 2.12)	0.0007
Per 1 SD	1.18 (1.09, 1.27)	< 0.0001	1.25 (1.15, 1.35)	< 0.0001	1.26 (1.12, 1.42)	0.0001	1.26 (1.12, 1.41)	0.0002
P for trend		0.0002		< 0.0001		0.0035		0.0042
BMI
Q1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Q2	1.39 (1.10, 1.75)	0.0054	1.44 (1.14, 1.82)	0.0021	1.37 (1.09, 1.74)	0.0082	1.40 (1.10, 1.77)	0.0062
Q3	1.32 (1.05, 1.67)	0.0194	1.54 (1.21, 1.95)	0.0004	1.53 (1.20, 1.94)	0.0006	1.53 (1.20, 1.95)	0.0006
Q4	2.00 (1.61, 2.49)	< 0.0001	2.67 (2.12, 3.35)	< 0.0001	2.43 (1.92, 3.07)	< 0.0001	2.41 (1.89, 3.06)	< 0.0001
Per 1 SD	1.27 (1.18, 1.37)	< 0.0001	1.44 (1.33, 1.56)	< 0.0001	1.39 (1.28, 1.50)	< 0.0001	1.39 (1.28, 1.51)	< 0.0001
P for trend		< 0.0001		< 0.0001		< 0.0001		< 0.0001
Total mortality
TyG-BMI
Q1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Q2	1.04 (0.91, 1.18)	0.5610	1.09 (0.96, 1.24)	0.1740	1.07 (0.94, 1.22)	0.3110	1.06 (0.93, 1.21)	0.3553
Q3	1.01 (0.89, 1.15)	0.8545	1.18 (1.04, 1.35)	0.0131	1.16 (1.01, 1.32)	0.0337	1.13 (0.99, 1.30)	0.0708
Q4	1.19 (1.05, 1.35)	0.0059	1.63 (1.42, 1.86)	< 0.0001	1.48 (1.29, 1.70)	< 0.0001	1.42 (1.23, 1.64)	< 0.0001
Per 1 SD	1.05 (1.00, 1.10)	0.0316	1.19 (1.13, 1.25)	< 0.0001	1.14 (1.08, 1.20)	< 0.0001	1.12 (1.07, 1.18)	< 0.0001
P for trend		0.0123		< 0.0001		< 0.0001		< 0.0001
TyG
Q1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Q2	0.90 (0.79, 1.03)	0.1319	0.91 (0.80, 1.04)	0.1749	0.91 (0.80, 1.04)	0.1570	0.91 (0.80, 1.04)	0.1817
Q3	1.03 (0.91, 1.17)	0.6588	1.06 (0.93, 1.21)	0.3577	1.00 (0.87, 1.15)	0.9752	1.03 (0.89, 1.18)	0.7184
Q4	1.18 (1.05, 1.34)	0.0076	1.31 (1.15, 1.49)	< 0.0001	1.21 (1.03, 1.41)	0.0226	1.21 (1.03, 1.42)	0.0212
Per 1 SD	1.07 (1.02, 1.12)	0.0034	1.12 (1.07, 1.18)	< 0.0001	1.08 (1.01, 1.15)	0.0315	1.08 (1.01, 1.15)	0.0338
P for trend		0.0014		< 0.0001		0.0270		0.0185
BMI
Q1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
Q2	1.03 (0.91, 1.17)	0.6020	1.08 (0.95, 1.22)	0.2541	1.06 (0.93, 1.21)	0.3746	1.05 (0.92, 1.20)	0.4544
Q3	0.96 (0.84, 1.09)	0.5209	1.10 (0.96, 1.25)	0.1550	1.09 (0.96, 1.25)	0.1869	1.07 (0.94, 1.23)	0.2924
Q4	1.11 (0.98, 1.25)	0.1122	1.47 (1.29, 1.68)	< 0.0001	1.39 (1.22, 1.59)	< 0.0001	1.34 (1.17, 1.53)	< 0.0001
Per 1 SD	1.02 (0.98, 1.07)	0.3059	1.15 (1.09, 1.20)	< 0.0001	1.12 (1.07, 1.18)	< 0.0001	1.11 (1.05, 1.16)	< 0.0001
P for trend		0.2515		< 0.0001		< 0.0001		< 0.0001

Data are expressed as HR and 95%CIs (reported in parentheses) as assessed by multivariable Cox regression analysis. Model 1: Adjusted for sex, race, age, education, history of cardiovascular disease, previous hypertension, previous hyperlipidemia, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. Model 2: Adjusted for model 1 covariables plus duration of diabetes, proteinuria, heart failure, smoking status, glycated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Model 3: Adjusted for model 2 covariables plus the medications use, calcium channel blocker, beta-blockers, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, insulin, aspirin, cholesterol absorption inhibitors. TyG: Triglyceride glucose; BMI: Body mass index.