Triglyceride glucose-body mass index is associated with cardiovascular outcomes and overall mortality in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

doi:10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.108839

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2025; 16(8): 108839
Published online Aug 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.108839

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants across triglyceride glucose-body mass index quartiles

	Q1 (n = 2548; 131.06-263.12)	Q2 (n = 2547; 263.12-302.56)	Q3 (n = 2547; 302.56-345.60)	Q4 (n = 2548; 345.60-536.15)	P value
TyG-BMI	234.32 ± 21.93	282.91 ± 11.31	322.94 ± 12.37	384.54 ± 30.17	< 0.001
Age (years)	64.32 ± 7.20	63.44 ± 6.57	62.37 ± 6.41	61.13 ± 5.89	< 0.001
Sex					< 0.001
Male	1697 (66.60)	1684 (66.12)	1545 (60.66)	1338 (52.51)
Female	851 (33.40)	863 (33.88)	1002 (39.34)	1210 (47.49)
Race					< 0.001
White	1197 (46.98)	1533 (60.19)	1704 (66.90)	1933 (75.86)
Non-white	1351 (53.02)	1014 (39.81)	843 (33.10)	615 (24.14)
Education					< 0.001
Less than high school graduate	423 (16.62)	418 (16.41)	359 (14.11)	301 (11.82)
High school grad (or GED)	689 (27.07)	640 (25.13)	683 (26.84)	678 (26.63)
Some college or technical school	698 (27.43)	807 (31.68)	872 (34.26)	964 (37.86)
College graduate or more	735 (28.88)	682 (26.78)	631 (24.79)	603 (23.68)
CVD history	885 (34.73)	929 (36.47)	905 (35.53)	863 (33.87)	0.246
Duration of diabetes (years)	12.12 ± 8.16	10.96 ± 7.64	10.19 ± 7.19	9.93 ± 7.15	< 0.001
Previous hypertension	1837 (72.10)	1901 (74.64)	1943 (76.29)	1998 (78.41)	< 0.001
Previous hyperlipidemia	1742 (68.37)	1792 (70.36)	1776 (69.73)	1816 (71.27)	0.144
Proteinuria	433 (16.99)	472 (18.53)	525 (20.62)	597 (23.43)	< 0.001
Heart failure	93 (3.65)	113 (4.44)	102 (4.01)	179 (7.03)	< 0.001
Depression	394 (15.46)	545 (21.40)	612 (24.05)	861 (33.79)	< 0.001
Living alone	2082 (81.71)	2033 (79.82)	2025 (79.57)	1985 (77.90)	0.009
Smoking					< 0.001
Yes	1394 (54.71)	1512 (59.36)	1532 (60.15)	1495 (58.67)
No	1154 (45.29)	1035 (40.64)	1015 (39.85)	1053 (41.33)
Alcohol					< 0.001
Yes	630 (24.73)	664 (26.08)	623 (24.49)	515 (20.22)
No	1918 (75.27)	1882 (73.92)	1921 (75.51)	2032 (79.78)
BMI (kg/m²)	26.08 ± 2.47	30.21 ± 2.23	33.76 ± 2.56	38.86 ± 3.30	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	136.45 ± 17.19	136.34 ± 17.01	136.47 ± 16.97	136.13 ± 17.28	0.905
DBP (mmHg)	72.71 ± 10.55	74.41 ± 10.53	75.72 ± 10.42	76.70 ± 10.73	< 0.001
Heart rate (bpm)	71.07 ± 11.54	71.71 ± 11.68	73.40 ± 11.70	74.52 ± 11.78	< 0.001
FPG (mg/dL)	157.67 ± 54.17	170.58 ± 53.78	178.59 ± 53.77	193.92 ± 56.75	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	8.21 ± 1.07	8.26 ± 1.05	8.29 ± 1.01	8.45 ± 1.09	< 0.001
TC (mg/dL)	174.85 ± 38.80	180.92 ± 40.15	183.96 ± 41.12	193.46 ± 44.91	< 0.001
TG (mg/dL)	124.30 ± 73.92	170.07 ± 99.22	202.26 ± 129.90	263.60 ± 213.27	< 0.001
VLDL-C (mg/dL)	24.67 ± 13.68	33.44 ± 18.32	39.08 ± 22.08	48.92 ± 32.34	< 0.001
LDL-C (mg/dL)	104.50 ± 32.86	105.44 ± 33.44	104.23 ± 33.84	105.43 ± 35.45	0.558
HDL-C (mg/dL)	45.68 ± 12.99	42.04 ± 11.33	40.65 ± 10.81	39.12 ± 10.17	< 0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	91.07 ± 29.02	90.32 ± 28.28	91.68 ± 25.43	91.07 ± 25.62	0.041
Medications
ARB/ACEI	1672 (65.62)	1762 (69.18)	1794 (70.44)	1834 (71.98)	< 0.001
CCB	472 (18.52)	452 (17.75)	486 (19.08)	541 (21.23)	0.012
β-blockers	658 (25.89)	729 (28.70)	815 (32.09)	862 (33.92)	< 0.001
Biguanides	1561 (61.26)	1653 (64.90)	1666 (65.44)	1638 (64.29)	0.009
Thiazolidinediones	496 (19.47)	512 (20.10)	590 (23.17)	648 (25.43)	< 0.001
Sulfonylureas	1413 (55.46)	1374 (53.95)	1353 (53.14)	1305 (51.22)	0.023
Insulins	818 (32.10)	853 (33.49)	902 (35.41)	988 (38.78)	< 0.001
Statins	1642 (64.75)	1656 (65.33)	1636 (64.41)	1531 (60.28)	< 0.001
Aspirin	1351 (53.29)	1375 (54.26)	1451 (57.22)	1371 (54.02)	0.027
Cholesterol absorption inhibitors	45 (1.78)	58 (2.29)	50 (1.97)	54 (2.13)	0.608

Data are showed as mean ± SD or as n (%). P value for the test of the difference across quartiles of triglyceride glucose-body mass index were obtained by using the χ² test (categorical variables), ANOVA (continuous variables), or Kruskal-Wallis test (nonparametric comparisons). TyG: Triglyceride glucose; BMI: Body mass index; GED: General education development; CVD: Cardiovascular disease; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; VLDL-C: Very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein-cholesterol; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; ARB: Angiotensin receptor blocker; ACEI: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; CCB: Calcium channel blocker.

Citation: Liu MJ, Xiang SM, Hu XQ. Triglyceride glucose-body mass index is associated with cardiovascular outcomes and overall mortality in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(8): 108839
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v16/i8/108839.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.108839