Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the seasonality and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study

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Aug 15, 2025 (publication date) through Aug 17, 2025

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2025; 16(8): 108724
Published online Aug 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.108724

Table 1 Demographic characteristics of diabetes mellitus type 1 diagnosis cohort

Characteristic	Pre-COVID-19 period (n = 2176)	COVID-19 period (n = 348)	P value¹	Overall (n = 2524)
Gender, male, n (%)	1132 (52)	186 (53)	0.6	1318 (52)
Ethnicity, Arab, n (%)	858 (39)	122 (35)	0.12	980 (39)
Age at diagnosis (years), median (IQR)	11.0 (7.0-14.0)	11.0 (8.0-13.0)	0.7	11.0 (7.0-14.0)

¹Pearson’s χ² test; Wilcoxon rank sum test; Wilcoxon rank sum exact test.

COVID-19: Coronavirus disease 2019; IQR: Interquartile range.

Citation: Carmon L, Bachar Y, Babiev AS, Hazn I, Hershkovitz E, Shaki D, Loewenthal N, Haim A, Hazan G. Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the seasonality and incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide cohort study. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(8): 108724
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v16/i8/108724.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.108724