Gut dysbiosis, low-grade inflammation, and renal impairment severity in elderly diabetic nephropathy

Table 4 Comparison of relative abundance of gut microbiota between diabetic nephropathy group and control group, and comparison of glucose and lipid metabolism indicators

Variables	DN group (n = 167)	Control group (n = 85)	t	P value
FBG (mmol/L)	8.14 ± 0.60	7.38 ± 0.61	9.290	0.000
PBG (mmol/L)	11.58 ± 1.39	10.39 ± 0.96	7.067	0.000
HbA1c (%)	10.68 ± 1.47	8.53 ± 0.86	12.435	0.000
FINS (pmol/mL)	36.96 ± 8.84	27.52 ± 4.99	9.136	0.000
HOMA-IR	13.39 ± 3.41	9.03 ± 1.79	11.019	0.000
TC (mmol/L)	6.58 ± 2.19	6.08 ± 1.33	1.889	0.060
TG (mmol/L)	2.47 ± 0.68	1.90 ± 0.41	7.182	0.000
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.66 ± 0.75	3.11 ± 0.52	6.112	0.000
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.61 ± 0.12	0.80 ± 0.14	-11.578	0.000
FFA (mmol/L)	0.85 ± 0.39	0.68 ± 0.31	3.620	0.000

DN: Diabetic nephropathy; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; PBG: Postprandial blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; FINS: Fasting insulin; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FFA: Free fatty acids.