Gut dysbiosis, low-grade inflammation, and renal impairment severity in elderly diabetic nephropathy

Table 1 Comparison of baseline data between diabetic nephropathy group and control group, n (%)

Variables	DN group (n = 167)	Control group (n = 85)	t/χ2	P value
Age (year), mean ± SD	73.34 ± 6.10	69.81 ± 5.92	2.901	0.008
Gender			0.757	0.354
Male (example)	98 (58.68)	45 (52.94)
Female (example)	69 (41.32)	40 (47.06)
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD	24.20 ± 1.96	23.81 ± 2.10	1.458	0.146
Course of diabetes (years), mean ± SD	10.72 ± 3.18	8.95 ± 2.64	2.741	0.015
Smoking (example)	59 (35.33)	38 (44.71)	2.092	0.148
Drinking alcohol (example)	55 (32.93)	36 (42.35)	2.166	0.141
Systolic pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD	128.34 ± 7.31	126.51 ± 7.44	1.868	0.063
Diastolic pressure (mmHg), mean ± SD	78.54 ± 6.60	76.80 ± 6.92	1.946	0.053

BMI: Body mass index; DN: Diabetic nephropathy.