Association of social determinants of health and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in Colombia

doi:10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.106927

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Aug 15, 2025 (publication date) through Aug 17, 2025

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Diabetes. Aug 15, 2025; 16(8): 106927
Published online Aug 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.106927

Table 2 Social determinants

Variable	Females, n = 288	Males, n = 295	Total, n = 583
Place of residence (rural)	44 (15)	43 (15)	87 (15)
Forced displacement¹ (yes)	38 (13)	27 (9)	65 (11)
Marital status
Single	45 (16)	27 (9)	72 (12)
Married	102 (35)	210 (71)^a	312 (52)
Common-law	21 (7)	23 (8)	44 (7)
Widowed	120 (42)^a	34 (12)	154 (26)
Monthly income per person, NMW²
0-1	132 (46)^a	50 (17)	182 (31)
45691	114 (40)	141 (48)^a	255 (44)
45753	21 (7)	70 (24)	91 (16)
> 6	15 (5)	26 (9)	41 (7)
Socioeconomic stratum
Low	98 (34)	83 (28)	181 (31)
Medium	173 (60)	183 (62)	359 (61)
High	16 (6)	24 (8)	40 (7)
Educational level
None	12 (4)	8 (3)	20 (3)
Primary	120 (42)^a	64 (22)	184 (32)
Secondary	92 (32)	98 (33)	190 (33)
Technical	38 (13)	51 (17)	89 (15)
Professional	25 (9)	72 (24)^a	97 (17)
Has caregiver (yes)	117 (41)^a	90 (31)	207 (36)
Availability of physical activity spaces (no)	97 (34)^a	64 (22)	161 (28)
Additional diabetes education (yes)	75 (26)	96 (33)	171 (29)

^aP < 0.05.

¹The need to migrate within the national territory, abandoning their residence because their life, physical integrity, personal security, or freedom have been violated or are directly threatened.

²In Colombia for 2022 the national minimum wage income was approximately 335 dollars.

Data are presented as n (%). NMW: National monthly minimum wage.

Citation: Rincon O, Uscategui C, Mancera P, Luna M, Rodriguez A, Alvarez M, Guzman I. Association of social determinants of health and cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes in Colombia. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(8): 106927
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v16/i8/106927.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v16.i8.106927