Higher glycated hemoglobin amplifies the effect of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4-related cognition and olfaction impairments in type 2 diabetes

Figure 2 Effects of apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 genotype on cognitive and olfactory function. A: Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 (APOE4) carriers had significantly lower mini-mental state examination scores compared to non-APOE4 carriers (P = 0.0424); B: APOE4 carriers had significantly lower olfactory threshold scores compared to non-APOE4 carriers (P = 0.0383). APOE4 - represents non-APOE4 carriers, APOE4 + represents APOE4 carriers. APOE4: Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4; MMSE: Mini-mental state examination.