Activation of farnesoid X receptor upregulates binding immunoglobulin protein expression and alleviates diabetic nephropathy

Figure 2 Downregulation of farnesoid X receptor expression in mesangial cells under high glucose conditions, farnesoid X receptor has a positive regulatory effect on binding immunoglobulin protein expression in mesangial cells. A: Bar chart shows that the message RNA level of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) decreases with increasing glucose concentration, as detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; B: Western blot shows that the protein level of FXR decreases with increasing glucose concentration; C: Immunocytochemical staining detected a decrease in FXR expression in high glucose-treated mesangial cells compared to the control group; D: Western blot detection shows a synchronous decrease in binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) expression after small interfering RNA inhibition of FXR; E: Western blot detection of the effect of different concentrations of FXR agonists or inhibitors on BiP protein levels in mesangial cells. ^bP < 0.01. ^cP < 0.001. HG: High glucose; INT-747: Obeticholic acid; FXR: Farnesoid X receptor; NC: Negative control; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; DAB: 3,3’-diaminobenzidine color development; BiP: Binding immunoglobulin protein; TUBLIN: Tubulin antibody.