Comprehensive analysis of risk factors associated with carotid plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Comparison of demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics between the control and observation groups

Parameter	Control group (n = 158)	Observation group (n = 108)	Statistics (t/χ2)	P value
Sex (M/F)	70/88	50/58	0.103	0.748
Age (years)	63.85 ± 8.12	67.10 ± 8.05	3.217	0.002
FC-P (ng/mL)	3.10 ± 1.70	3.18 ± 2.25	0.330	0.742
DBP (mmHg)	82.30 ± 10.50	84.10 ± 9.10	1.448	0.149
TG (mmol/L)	2.05 ± 1.10	2.20 ± 1.30	1.014	0.312
HOMA-IR	4.35 ± 6.20	5.00 ± 6.15	0.842	0.400
FIns (mU/mL)	12.10 ± 12.30	14.15 ± 16.25	1.170	0.243
LDL-C (mmol/L)	3.02 ± 0.90	2.85 ± 1.00	1.446	0.149
BMI (kg/m²)	26.10 ± 3.40	27.45 ± 4.20	2.887	0.004
TC (mmol/L)	4.90 ± 1.15	4.68 ± 1.20	1.505	0.133
SBP (mmHg)	131.20 ± 16.50	135.02 ± 17.80	1.796	0.074
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.12 ± 0.32	1.04 ± 0.24	2.208	0.028
HbA1c (%)	7.30 ± 1.70	7.90 ± 1.80	2.760	0.006
UR (mmol/L)	5.42 ± 1.34	5.95 ± 1.60	2.926	0.004
FPG (mmol/L)	7.82 ± 3.22	8.70 ± 3.42	2.134	0.034
Scr (μmol/L)	62.50 ± 13.40	70.20 ± 22.50	3.492	< 0.001
SUA (μmol/L)	320.28 ± 76.06	355.16 ± 92.56	3.360	< 0.001
UACR (mg/g)	1.05 ± 0.40	1.36 ± 0.50	5.602	< 0.001
IMT (mm)	1.06 ± 0.12	2.25 ± 1.00	14.82	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; FIns: Fasting insulin; FC-P: Fasting C-peptide; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; TG: Triglycerides; TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UR: Urea; Scr: Serum creatinine; SUA: Serum uric acid; UACR: Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; IMT: Intima-media thickness; M: Male; F: Female.