Exercise intensity and the risk of end-stage renal disease in diabetes: A nationwide population-based study

Table 4 Multivariate cox analysis for incident end-stage renal disease according to diabetes mellitus duration

DM duration	Total (n)	ESRD (n)	Duration PY	IR 1000 PY	Adjusted HR (95% confidence interval)
					Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
New onset	722231	1909	4155941	0.46	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
< 5 years	677037	2604	3946270	0.66	1.430 (1.348­1.517)	1.442 (1.359­1.530)	1.179 (1.110­1.252)	1.162 (1.094­1.234)
5-9 years	489945	3978	2829657	1.41	3.050 (2.888­3.221)	2.989 (2.827­3.159)	1.941 (1.832­2.056)	1.790 (1.690­1.896)
≥ 10 years	605818	14868	3389455	4.39	9.558 (9.114­10.025)	9.135 (8.692­9.600)	3.334 (3.158­3.520)	2.624 (2.486­2.770)

Model 1 is non-adjusted; Model 2 is adjusted for age and sex; Model 3 is adjusted model 2 plus income, smoking, drinking, regular exercise, hypertension, dyslipidemia, fasting glucose, oral hyperglycemic agent more than 3, estimated glomerular filtration rate; model 4 is adjusted for model 3 plus proteinuria. DM: Diabetes mellitus; ESRD: End-stage renal disease, PY: Person years; IR: Incidence rate; HR: Hazard ratio.