Chronic hepatitis B with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Association between glycemic control and liver fibrosis

Table 2 Comparison between groups in various stages of liver fibrosis, n (%)

Variable		Excluded liver fibrosis group	Hepatic fibrosis group	Cirrhosis group	F/H/χ2	P value
TP (g/L)		65.96 ± 8.33	66.87 ± 7.8	68.14 ± 8.46	1.555	0.212
ALB (g/L)		35.46 ± 6.35	37.1 ± 5.78	37.53 ± 6.97	1.248	0.288
BMI (kg/m2)		23.72 ± 3.44	24.33 ± 3.98	24.07 ± 3.28	0.392	0.676
Age (years)		55 (50, 63)	54 (48, 62)	54.5 (48, 62.75)	0.173	0.917
Days of hospitalization (days)		15 (10, 21)	17 (12.5, 26)	17 (11.25, 23)	2.067	0.356
FIB-4		1.49 (0.7, 2.71)	1.12 (0.62, 2.48)	1 (0.52, 1.96)	5.097	0.078
ALT (U/L)		12 (10, 42)	23 (18.5, 50)	47.5 (29.75, 79)	70.894	< 0.001
AST (U/L)		29 (19, 39)	32 (23.5, 50.5)	43.5 (33, 64)	40.724	< 0.001
ALP (U/L)		108 (82, 130)	89 (71, 114.5)	104 (80, 149)	10.275	0.006
GGT (U/L)		65 (30, 97)	53 (26, 118)	66 (33, 121)	1.906	0.386
S/L		1.5 (0.9, 2.4)	1.2 (0.9, 1.55)	0.9 (0.7, 1.3)	26.964	< 0.001
Glo (g/L)		29.3 (25.5, 34.4)	29.2 (26.35, 33.05)	30.4 (27.2, 34.1)	3.613	0.164
A/G		1.29 (1.02, 1.47)	1.26 (1.02, 1.51)	1.23 (1.03, 1.5)	0.27	0.872
TBIL (μmol/L)		10.4 (7, 19.4)	14.5 (9.1, 28.35)	16.7 (10.53, 28.8)	8.975	0.011
Bc-Tr (μmol/L)		0.87 (0.38, 1.9)	1.52 (0.75, 3.28)	1.67 (0.95, 4.73)	10.182	0.006
Fer (ng/mL)		110 (29, 479.3)	196.5 (65.75, 415.75)	230.5 (119, 468.43)	5.686	0.058
NEFA (mmol/L)		0.59 (0.39, 0.7)	0.48 (0.3, 0.67)	0.54 (0.38, 0.72)	4.379	0.112
PIIIP (ng/mL)		61.8 (6.45, 142.33)	64.48 (13.1, 157.77)	52.9 (18.1, 146.41)	0.708	0.702
CG (μg/mL)		2.54 (1.39, 11.39)	4.47 (1.7, 21.19)	4.99 (1.83, 14.84)	1.249	0.535
CIV (ng/mL)		46.47 (29.1, 84.15)	53.12 (18.62, 115.61)	48.89 (22.64, 114.62)	0.039	0.981
LN (ng/mL)		79.15 (56.39, 152.71)	91.78 (61.28, 125.74)	86.91 (57.66, 123.61)	0.537	0.765
HA (ng/mL)		104.85 (81.46, 286.29)	117.28 (73.01, 264.51)	123.05 (73.25, 250.3)	0.246	0.884
FBG (g/L)		2.64 (1.9, 3.44)	2.32 (1.88, 2.76)	2.29 (1.83, 2.81)	3.242	0.198
PT (seconds)		13.1 (12.1, 15)	13.5 (12.6, 14.3)	13.4 (12.4, 14.7)	0.280	0.869
Pa (%)		79.1 (64.2, 97.2)	78 (67.4, 89.2)	80.3 (65.8, 91)	0.019	0.991
PT-INR		1.06 (1.02, 1.27)	1.12 (1.03,1.24)	1.12 (1.05, 1.25)	1.477	0.478
APTT (seconds)		30 (26.8, 40.5)	30.1 (27.1, 34.3)	30.2 (27.3, 33.9)	0.545	0.762
TT (seconds)		17 (15.6, 18.3)	17.7 (16.7, 18.8)	17.7 (16.6, 19)	6.327	0.042
HbA1c (%)		6.7 (6.6, 8.5)	7.3 (6.1, 9.5)	7.3 (6.2, 9)	0.162	0.922
Duration of diabetes mellitus (years)		2 (0.42, 7)	2 (0.05, 7.5)	2 (0.01, 6)	0.857	0.651
Duration of liver disease (years)		6 (0.08, 11)	8 (1, 20)	7 (0.44, 20)	1.214	0.545
Admission FPG (mmol/L)		6.81 (6.3, 9.9)	7.62 (6.28, 9.37)	7.63 (6.33, 10.62)	1.121	0.571
Discharge FPG (mmol/L)		6.11 (5.44, 7.47)	6.58 (5.76, 7.96)	6.42 (5.36, 8.29)	0.727	0.695
Ethnicity	The Han nationality	26 (96.3)	118 (97.5)	263 (96.7)	4.322	0.386
	Tibetan nationality	1 (3.7)	2 (1.7)	9 (3.3)
	Yi nationality		1 (0.8)
Smoking history	Chronic smoking	10 (37.0)	34 (28.1)	104 (38.2)	5.035	0.516
	Occasional smoker		6 (5.0)	10 (3.7)
	Quit smoking	3 (11.1)	19 (15.7)	32 (11.8)
	Never smoked	14 (51.9)	62 (51.2)	126 (46.3)
Drinking history	Drinking alcohol for a long time	3 (11.1)	17 (14.0)	56 (20.6)	7.467	0.272
	Occasional drinker	2 (7.4)	17 (14.0)	43 (15.8)
	Quit drinking	8 (29.6)	21 (17.4)	39 (14.3)
	Never drank alcohol	14 (51.9)	66 (54.5)	134 (49.3)
Gender	Female	8 (29.6)	31 (25.6)	60 (22.1)	1.177	0.587
	Male	19 (70.4)	90 (74.4)	212 (77.9)
Diabetes treatment program	Insulin	9 (33.3)	36 (29.8)	127 (46.7)	13.892	0.026
	Drugs	3 (11.1)	26 (21.5)	42 (15.4)
	Insulin + drugs	1 (3.7)	12 (9.9)	21 (7.7)
	Untreated	14 (51.9)	47 (38.8)	82 (30.1)

TP: Total protein; ALB: Albumin; BMI: Body mass index; FIB-4: Fibrosis 4 score; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; S/L: Aspartate transaminase/alanine aminotransferase ratio; Glo: Globulin; A/G: Albumin/globulin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; Bc-Tr: True conjugated bilirubin; Fer: Ferritin; NEFA: Nonestesterified fatty acid; PIIIP: Procollagen III peptide; CG: Cholyglycine; CIV: Collage type IV; LN: Laminin; HA: Hyaluronic acid; FBG: Fibrinogen; PT: Prothrombin time; Pa: Prothrombin activation; PT-INR: Prothrombin time-international normalized ratio; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; TT: Thrombin time; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose.