Association of dietary index for gut microbiota and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes or prediabetes

Table 3 Diabetes and prediabetes all-cause mortality risk subgroup analyses

Variables	Q1	Q2 HR (95%CI)	Q3 HR (95%CI)	Q4 HR (95%CI)	P for trend	P for interaction
Age (years)						0.07
< 65	Reference	1.27 (0.94-1.71)	0.93 (0.65-1.34)	1.11 (0.73-1.69)	0.88
≥ 65	Reference	0.82 (0.68-0.99)	1.01 (0.84-1.22)	0.74 (0.62-0.89)	0.21
Sex						0.50
Male	Reference	0.94 (0.76-1.17)	0.89 (0.69-1.15)	0.91 (0.70-1.19)	0.87
Female	Reference	0.94 (0.73-1.21)	0.98 (0.77-1.23)	0.71 (0.56-0.90)	0.09
Race						0.03
Mexican American	Reference	0.77 (0.48-1.25)	1.05 (0.63-1.75)	0.61 (0.34-1.08)	0.34
Non-Hispanic Black	Reference	1.14 (0.82-1.58)	0.77 (0.54-1.11)	0.62 (0.38-1.01)	0.31
Non-Hispanic White	Reference	0.93 (0.76-1.14)	0.94 (0.78-1.14)	0.88 (00.72-1.07)	0.73
Other	Reference	0.81 (0.47-1.41)	0.96 (0.64-1.44)	0.33 (0.19-0.55)	0.001
Marital						0.42
Married	Reference	0.94 (0.76-1.17)	0.93 (0.76-1.14)	0.79 (0.63-0.99)	0.28
Never married	Reference	1.05 (0.50-2.19)	0.77 (0.27-2.19)	1.46 (0.53-4.02)	0.30
Divorced	Reference	0.78 (0.53-1.15)	0.85 (0.53-1.34)	1.20 (0.75-1.92)	0.61
Unmarried but have/had partner	Reference	1.01 (0.76-1.36)	1.00 (0.75-1.35)	0.67 (0.50-0.91)	0.04
Education						0.13
Less than high school	Reference	1.01 (0.78-1.31)	1.06 (0.82-1.36)	0.81 (0.58-1.13)	0.24
High school or equivalent	Reference	0.84 (0.57-1.23)	1.22 (0.91-1.64)	0.86 (0.62-1.18)	0.90
College or above	Reference	0.97 (0.75-1.26)	0.74 (0.59-0.92)	0.79 (0.61-1.03)	0.51
BMI						0.29
< 25	Reference	0.89 (0.64-1.25)	0.82 (0.58-1.15)	0.56 (0.39-0.80)	0.08
25-30	Reference	1.07 (0.77-1.49)	1.03 (0.77-1.37)	0.86 (0.62-1.19)	0.23
> 30	Reference	0.89 (0.70-1.14)	0.94 (0.73-1.21)	0.96 (0.73-1.25)	0.73
Hypertension						0.42
Yes	Reference	0.87 (0.72-1.05)	0.92 (0.78-1.09)	0.80 (0.65-0.98)	0.05
No	Reference	1.22 (0.87-1.71)	0.97 (0.70-1.34)	0.85 (0.60-1.20)	0.35
PIR						0.99
< 1.3	Reference	0.99 (0.79-1.24)	0.90 (0.70-1.17)	0.82 (0.56-1.19)	0.74
1.3-3.5	Reference	0.92 (0.71-1.19)	1.00 (0.79-1.28)	0.83 (0.65-1.08)	0.29
> 3.5	Reference	0.98 (0.67-1.42)	0.84 (0.59-1.18)	0.84 (0.58-1.22)	0.22
Cancer						0.85
Yes	Reference	0.97 (0.72-1.32)	0.92 (0.67-1.26)	0.92 (0.69-1.23)	0.88
No	Reference	0.94 (0.78-1.14)	0.94 (0.77-1.14)	0.78 (0.64-0.95)	0.22
CVD						0.27
Yes	Reference	0.76 (0.60-0.97)	0.83 (0.63-1.09)	0.71 (0.55-0.92)	0.22
No	Reference	1.07 (0.86-1.32)	1.00 (0.81-1.22)	0.90 (0.71-1.13)	0.32

CVD: Cardiovascular disease; PIR: Poverty income ratio; BMI: Body mass index.