Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRa05 on glycemic control and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes

Figure 3 Alpha diversity indices (Chao1, Ace, Shannon, Simpson) for both groups preintervention and postintervention. A: Chao1; B: Ace; C: Shannon; D: Simpson. For each panel, different lowercase letters above the bars indicate significant differences between groups (P < 0.05). Groups sharing at least one letter are not significantly different from each other. For example, groups labeled with the same letter (e.g., "a") do not differ significantly, while groups with different letters (between groups labeled with "a" and groups labeled with "b") indicate significant differences. "ab" indicates no significant difference from groups either "a" or "b".