Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRa05 on glycemic control and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants

Variables	Placebo group (n = 38)	Intervention group (n = 38)	P value
Age (years)	54.68 (37.00-70.00)	59.55 (35.00-75.00)	0.054
Gender			0.365
Male	23 (60.5)	19 (50.0)
Female	15 (39.5)	19 (50.0)
BMI, kg/m2	25.35 (2.9)	25.61 (2.9)	0.692
Weight, kg	78.10 (58.50-105.00)	72.32 (55.00-102.50)	0.296
Smoking status	12 (31.6)	5 (13.2)	0.054
Drink Wine	1 (2.6)	6 (15.8)	0.107
Hypertension	14 (36.8)	17 (44.7)	0.483
Coronary heart disease	3 (7.9)	6 (15.7)	0.286
Diabetes duration (years)	7.18 (1.00-20.00)	10.16 (1.00-24.00)	0.025
Metformin use	32 (84.0)	31 (84.0)	0.956
Sulfonylureas use	12 (31.0)	15 (39.0)	0.156
Insulin use	4 (10.5)	5 (13.0)	0.256
Self-reported physical activity, MET (hours/week)	46.71 ± 6.3	50.07 ± 6.1	0.332

Data are presented as n (%) or median (25^th-75^th percentiles. BMI: Body mass index; MET: Metabolic equivalent of task.