Efficacy of Xiaokeqing granules and lifestyle intervention in treating prediabetes mellitus considering metabolomic biomarkers: A randomised controlled trial

Table 2 Comparison of blood glucose and related indicators, mean ± SD

Variables	Con group (ITT analysis)			Con group (PP analysis)			XQG group (ITT or PP analysis)
	Baseline (n = 20)	Follow-up 1 (n = 20)	Follow-up 2 (n = 20)	Baseline (n = 17)	Follow-up 1 (n = 17)	Follow-up 2 (n = 17)	Baseline (n = 20)	Follow-up 1 (n = 20)	Follow-up 2 (n = 20)
FPG (mmol/L)	6.48 ± 0.47	6.61 ± 0.66	6.47 ± 0.74	6.48 ± 0.49	6.63 ± 0.69	6.46 ± 0.78	6.26 ± 0.47	6.25 ± 0.73	6.09 ± 0.64
2hPG (mmol/L)	10.20 ± 3.34	9.69 ± 2.54	9.77 ± 2.71	10.42 ± 3.51	9.83 ± 2.45	9.93 ± 2.65	9.71 ± 2.03	9.68 ± 2.73	7.98 ± 2.17a,1,2
HbA1c (%)	5.97 ± 0.48	NA	6.14 ± 0.64	5.95 ± 0.31	NA	6.15 ± 0.56	5.92 ± 0.33	NA	5.84 ± 0.29a,2
FINS (μIU/mL)	9.23 ± 4.90	NA	9.97 ± 7.80	9.52 ± 5.27	NA	10.40 ± 8.41	15.07 ± 12.46	NA	14.05 ± 14.49
HOMA-IR	2.67 ± 1.47	NA	2.86 ± 2.27	2.76 ± 1.59	NA	2.98 ± 2.45	4.15 ± 3.28	NA	3.78 ± 3.88
BMI (kg/m2)	23.15 ± 3.09	NA	23.01 ± 3.20	23.06 ± 3.24	NA	22.89 ± 3.35	23.64 ± 4.08	NA	23.16 ± 3.83
SBP (mmHg)	120.85 ± 12.71	NA	119.80 ± 9.65	120.18 ± 13.50	NA	119.47 ± 10.43	119.30 ± 15.20	NA	120.40 ± 12.05
DBP (mmHg)	77.50 ± 8.68	NA	78.95 ± 9.77	76.65 ± 8.93	NA	79.29 ± 10.35	79.05 ± 8.74	NA	77.65 ± 7.20

^aP < 0.05.

¹P vs control group (intention-to-treat analysis).

²P vs control group (per-protocol analysis).

Con: Control; XQG: Xiaokeqing granule; ITT: Intention-to-treat; PP: Per-protocol; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG: 2-hour postprandial glucose; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin A1c; FINS: Fasting insulin; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; NA: Not analyzed.