Efficacy of Xiaokeqing granules and lifestyle intervention in treating prediabetes mellitus considering metabolomic biomarkers: A randomised controlled trial

Table 1 Comparison of the baseline characteristics, mean ± SD

Variables	Con group (n = 20, ITT analysis)	Con group (n = 17, PP analysis)	XQG group (n = 20, ITT or PP analysis)
Sex (male/female)	8/12	7/10	5/15
Age (year)	51.10 ± 10.88	52.65 ± 10.52	51.65 ± 12.56
DD (month)	52.25 ± 53.32	56.18 ± 56.39	33.55 ± 33.35
BMI (kg/m2)	23.15 ± 3.09	23.06 ± 3.24	23.64 ± 4.08
SBP (mmHg)	120.85 ± 12.71	120.18 ± 13.50	119.30 ± 15.20
DBP (mmHg)	77.50 ± 8.68	76.65 ± 8.93	79.05 ± 8.74
FPG (mmol/L)	6.48 ± 0.47	6.48 ± 0.49	6.26 ± 0.47
2hPG (mmol/L)	10.20 ± 3.34	10.42 ± 3.51	9.71 ± 2.03
HbA1c (%)	5.97 ± 0.48	5.95 ± 0.31	5.92 ± 0.33
FINS (μIU/mL)	9.23 ± 4.90	9.52 ± 5.27	15.07 ± 12.46
HOMA-IR	2.67 ± 1.47	2.76 ± 1.59	4.15 ± 3.28
ALT (TU/L)	22.15 ± 9.90	23.22 ± 10.22	26.76 ± 17.52
AST (U/L)	21.83 ± 4.43	22.29 ± 4.62	24.99 ± 7.44
BUN (mg/dL)	5.03 ± 1.20	5.19 ± 1.22	5.61 ± 0.96
Cr (mg/dL)	61.50 ± 10.60	61.14 ± 10.85	64.46 ± 15.71

BMI: Body mass index; DD: Disease duration; 2hPG: 2-hour postprandial glucose; HbA1c: Glycated haemoglobin A1c; FINS: Fasting insulin; HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; Cr: Creatinine; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; Con: Control; XQG: Xiaokeqing granule; ITT: Intention-to-treat; PP: Per-protocol; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose.