Altered hippocampal subfield volumes are associated with memory and executive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

doi:10.4239/wjd.v16.i7.104424

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Diabetes. Jul 15, 2025; 16(7): 104424
Published online Jul 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i7.104424

Table 1 Demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological characteristics of the participants

	T2DM (n = 55)	HC (n = 30)	t/χ²	P value
Age (years)	51.07 ± 10.45	45.76 ± 11.44	2.144	0.035^a
Duration (months)	57.31 ± 64.56	-	-	-
Sex (male)	45 (81.8)	179 (70.8)	0.837	0.360
Education (years)	13.07 ± 3.41	12.86 ± 4.14	0.147	0.884
BMI (kg/m²)	25.36 ± 2.87	24.87 ± 3.90	0.488	0.627
MMSE	27.69 ± 1.57	27.55 ± 1.29	0.287	0.775
MoCA	25.18 ± 2.95	26.27 ± 3.90	-1.059	0.294
HAMD	6.55 ± 5.29	4.82 ± 7.32	0.925	0.359
HAMA	7.51 ± 5.68	6.27 ± 8.13	0.611	0.543
DST	13.78 ± 5.11	18.73 ± 5.90	-2.859	0.006^a
Memory scale	10.32 ± 3.51	9.96 ± 5.64	0.279	0.781
TMT-A	50.57 ± 25.16	38.01 ± 19.23	1.564	0.123
TMT-B	93.27 ± 63.19	66.70 ± 42.44	1.332	0.188
SDMT	41.11 ± 14.10	51.55 ± 17.05	-2.164	0.034^a
AVLT-N1	4.17 ± 1.96	4.18 ± 2.48	-0.022	0.982
AVLT-N2	7.06 ± 2.41	7.27 ± 2.37	-0.273	0.786
AVLT-N3	8.59 ± 2.37	8.27 ± 2.90	0.393	0.696
AVLT-N4	7.28 ± 2.92	7.73 ± 2.83	-0.468	0.641
AVLT-N5	6.98 ± 2.87	6.82 ± 3.76	0.163	0.871
AVLT-N7	14.39 ± 4.95	18.09 ± 6.66	-2.128	0.037^a
AVLT-total score	48.46 ± 11.11	56.27 ± 7.35	-2.227	0.030^a
DR	13 (23.6)	-	-	-
DN	4 (7.3)	-	-	-
DNP	13 (23.6)	-	-	-
Diabetic angiopathy	1 (1.8)	-	-	-

^aP < 0.05.

Data were presented as means ± SD and n (%). BMI: Body mass index; MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination; MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; HAMD: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; HAMA: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; DST: Digital Span Test; TMT: Trail Making Test; SDMT: Symbol Digit Modalities Test; AVLT: Auditory Verbal Learning Test; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; HC: Healthy control; DR: Diabetic retinopathy; DN: Diabetic nephropathy; DNP: Diabetic neuropathy.

Citation: Wu SX, Liang XL, Zhu QQ, Wang W, Jiang L, Chen HH, Tian S, Qi M. Altered hippocampal subfield volumes are associated with memory and executive function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(7): 104424
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v16/i7/104424.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v16.i7.104424