Predictive ability of lipid indices for large-for-gestational-age infants in pregnant females with gestational diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Maternal and neonatal characteristics

Characteristics	NGA (n = 4523)	LGA (n = 976)	P value
Maternal characteristics before pregnancy
Age, years	29.90 ± 3.41	30.08 ± 3.53	0.132
Pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2	21.80 ± 2.89	22.78 ± 3.25	< 0.001
< 18.5	407 (9.00)	48 (4.92)
18.5-23.9	3224 (71.28)	628 (64.34)
24.0-27.9	729 (16.12)	231 (23.67)
≥ 28	163 (3.60)	69 (7.07)
Gravidity			< 0.001
First pregnancy	2377 (52.55)	424 (43.44)
Multiple pregnancies	2146 (47.45)	552 (56.56)
Parity			< 0.001
Primiparous	3376 (74.64)	629 (64.45)
Multiparous	1147 (25.36)	347 (35.55)
Maternal characteristics at the time of the OGTT
Gestational weeks at the time of the OGTT, weeks	25.72 ± 0.85	25.71 ± 0.84	0.522
Weight, kg	63.01 ± 8.44	67.70 ± 9.51	< 0.001
GWG, kg	6.00 (4.00-7.80)	7.00 (5.00-9.00)	< 0.001
BMI, kg/m2	24.04 ± 2.95	25.42 ± 3.29	< 0.001
SBP, mm/Hg	111.94 ± 10.73	111.75 ± 10.70	0.617
DBP, mm/Hg	69.76 ± 8.00	69.61 ± 8.06	0.596
AC, cm	89.08 ± 6.41	92.12 ± 6.94	< 0.001
Neonatal characteristics
Gestational weeks at delivery, weeks	39.52 ± 0.94	39.53 ± 0.91	0.752
Infant weight, kg	3.31 ± 0.28	3.96 ± 0.26	< 0.001
Infant sex, male	2154 (47.62)	490 (50.20)	0.143
Characteristics during delivery
Cesarean section	1579 (34.91)	540 (55.33)	< 0.001
Separation of the mother and infant	3466 (76.63)	800 (81.97)	< 0.001

NGA: Normal for gestational age; LGA: Large for gestational age; BMI: Body mass index; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; GWG: Gestational weight gain; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; AC: Abdominal circumference.