Progress in the application of mesenchymal stem cells to attenuate apoptosis in diabetic kidney disease

Figure 2 Common signaling pathways affecting apoptosis: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway and wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases; AKT: Protein kinase B; mToR: Mammalian target of rapamycin; GSK-3β: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β; Cyto C: Cytochrome C; APC: Adenomatous polyposis coli gene protein; CK1: Casein kinase 1; Dvl: Dishevelled; TCF: The nuclear T cell factor; LEF: Lymphoid enhancer binding factor. It was drawn using Figdraw software.