Vitamin D deficiency is associated with apolipoprotein A1 levels in patients with young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 3 Comparison of the clinical and laboratory data between high- and low-apolipoprotein A1 groups, n (%)

	Overall (n = 642)	ApoA1 ≥ 1 g/L (n = 440)	ApoA1 < 1 g/L (n = 202)	P value
Age (years)	33.00 (29.00, 36.00)	33.00 (29.00, 37.00)	33.00 (28.00, 36.00)	0.436
Female	228 (35.51)	194 (44.09)	34 (16.83)	< 0.001
Smoking	164 (25.55)	88 (20.00)	76 (37.62)	< 0.001
Alcohol	126 (19.63)	70 (15.91)	56 (27.72)	< 0.001
CVD	5 (0.78)	2 (0.45)	3 (1.49)	0.370
HBP	109 (16.98)	74 (16.82)	35 (17.33)	0.873
Fatty liver	389 (60.59)	235 (53.41)	154 (76.24)	< 0.001
Obesity	112 (17.45)	74 (16.82)	38 (18.81)	0.536
Hyperuricemia	114 (17.76)	78 (17.73)	36 (17.82)	0.977
25VitD, ng/mL	15.90 (11.77, 21.21)	16.54 (12.54, 21.51)	15.07 (11.01, 19.96)	0.001
25VitD class				0.003
Normal	51 (7.94)	45 (10.23)	6 (2.97)
Insufficient	134 (20.87)	89 (20.23)	45 (22.28)
Deficient	358 (55.76)	248 (56.36)	110 (54.46)
Severely deficient	99 (15.42)	58 (13.18)	41 (20.30)
LDL-C, mmol/L	2.88 (2.23, 3.54)	2.89 (2.27, 3.54)	2.83 (2.12, 3.53)	0.239
HDL-C, mmol/L	0.94 (0.78, 1.13)	1.04 (0.90, 1.26)	0.76 (0.67, 0.84)	< 0.001
TG, mmol/L	1.78 (1.18, 2.94)	1.73 (1.11, 2.82)	1.86 (1.29, 3.60)	0.009
No HDL-C, mmol/L	3.95 (3.13, 4.84)	3.91 (3.15, 4.72)	4.11 (3.11, 5.01)	0.152
Apolipoprotein B, g/L	0.96 (0.77, 1.18)	0.94 (0.77, 1.18)	0.98 (0.75, 1.17)	0.780
Free fatty acids, μmol/L	530.00 (397.75, 693.75)	530.00 (389.00, 680.50)	526.00 (416.25, 710.50)	0.118
Lipoproteina, mg/L	108.00 (47.00, 202.75)	116.00 (50.75, 209.25)	88.00 (37.75, 194.25)	0.104
UA, μmol/L	369.00 (291.00, 438.75)	361.50 (279.50, 432.00)	377.00 (314.25, 453.75)	0.003
Glu, mmol/L	7.08 (5.34, 9.79)	6.72 (5.15, 9.56)	7.66 (5.93, 10.24)	0.001
ALB, g/L	40.00 (37.30, 42.80)	40.30 (37.30, 43.00)	39.60 (37.32, 42.00)	0.138
ALT, U/L	30.00 (17.00, 62.00)	28.00 (15.00, 56.00)	39.50 (21.00, 74.50)	< 0.001
AST, U/L	24.00 (16.25, 41.75)	23.00 (16.00, 38.00)	27.50 (18.00, 46.75)	0.002
ALP, U/L	79.00 (65.00, 97.00)	77.00 (63.00, 96.00)	82.50 (68.25, 99.75)	0.015
Scr, μmol/L	67.10 (55.47, 76.60)	64.75 (53.30, 75.60)	70.50 (63.47, 77.77)	< 0.001
eGFR, mL/minute/1.73 m²	121.81 (110.17, 132.13)	122.26 (110.72, 132.44)	120.67 (109.75, 130.25)	0.442
Ca, mmol/L	2.28 (2.20, 2.36)	2.29 (2.21, 2.37)	2.27 (2.19, 2.33)	0.002
P, mmol/L	1.27 (1.14, 1.44)	1.28 (1.16, 1.44)	1.25 (1.09, 1.42)	0.051
iPTH, pg/mL	33.10 (24.40, 44.92)	32.70 (24.20, 45.02)	34.45 (24.92, 44.70)	0.542
Hemoglobin, g/L	147.00 (131.00, 159.00)	145.00 (129.00, 158.00)	151.50 (140.00, 160.00)	< 0.001
White blood cell, × 109/L	7.23 (6.09, 8.71)	7.28 (6.06, 8.76)	7.16 (6.14, 8.68)	0.958
PLT, × 109/L	237.00 (196.25, 280.00)	239.50 (196.75, 285.25)	230.50 (196.50, 271.00)	0.313

CVD: Cardiovascular disease; HBP: Hypertension; 25VitD: 25-hydroxy vitamin D; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; ApoA1: Apolipoprotein A1; UA: Uric acid; Glu: Glucose; ALB: Albumin; ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; Scr: Serum creatinine; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (calculated using the 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula); Ca: Blood calcium; P: Blood phosphorus; iPTH: Parathyroid hormone; PLT: Platelets.