Does low physical activity cause cognitive decline in elderly type 2 diabetes patients: A propensity score matching analysis

Table 3 Models 1 and 2 for risk of cognitive decline in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

Variable	Model 1						Model 2
	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis			Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	β	OR (95%CI)	P value	β	OR (95%CI)	P value	β	OR (95%CI)	P value	β	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age	0.066	1.068 (1.036-1.102)	< 0.01				0.068	1.081 (1.032-1.131)	< 0.01	0.075	1.079 (1.028-1.132)	0.02
Male	-0.643	0.526 (0.299-0.923)	0.02				0.227	1.255 (0.786-1.987)	0.51
Education level	-0.08	0.923 (0.862-0.987)	0.02				0.043	1.004 (0.449-1.760)	0.285
Mental work	-0.572	0.564 (0.223-0.812)	0.178				-0.909	0.403 (0.197-0.824)	0.01	-1.248	0.287 (0.127-0.651)	< 0.01
Residential region (urban)	-0.122	0.886 (0.734-0.992)	0.70				0.381	1.464 (1.098-1.803)	0.34
Smoking	-0.57	1.99 (0.013-3.211)	0.05				-0.366	0.693 (0.228-1.091)	0.31
Drinking	0.075	1.078 (0.978-1.232)	0.56				0.075	1.078 (0.332-2.597)	0.87
Hypertension	0.457	1.579 (1.343-1.923)	0.18				0.282	1.326 (1.021-1.643)	0.486
Cardiovascular disease	0.489	1.631 (0.983-2.922)	0.10				0.657	1.932 (0.332-3.594)	0.06
Hearing impairment	2.378	10.78 (2.10-54.8)	< 0.01				2.227	9.273 (0.940-91.436)	0.04
Stroke	1.068	2.91 (1.251-6.770)	0.01	1.415	4.118 (1.40, 12.109)	0.01	1.130	3.096 (1.220-7.858)	0.02	1.527	4.604 (1.506-14.076)	< 0.01
Hyperlipidemia	-0.048	0.954 (0.322-1.940)	0.86				0.122	1.129 (0.756-1.911)	0.72
BMI	0.001	1.001 (0.921-1.344)	0.97				0.046	1.047 (0.334-2.019)	0.29
Mid-UAC	-0.029	0.972 (0.187-3.009)	0.54				-0.007	0.993 (0.033-2.870)	0.9
6MWT	0.269	1.308 (1.131-1.513)	< 0.01	0.175	1.191 (1.024, 1.385)	0.02	0.26	1.297 (1.084-1.553)	< 0.01
Grip strength	-0.063	0.93 (0.90-0.987)	< 0.01	-0.055	0.947 (0.911, 0.984)	< 0.01	-0.053	0.948 (0.911-0.988)	0.01
FBG	-0.04	0.996 (0.541-1.982)	0.935				-0.023	0.977 (0.334-2.081)	0.67
HbA1C	0.106	1.12 (0.711-1.593)	0.09				0.098	1.103 (0.321-3.017)	0.199
hsCRP	0.07	1.007 (0.448-1.831)	0.61				0.07	1.007 (0.409-1.910)	0.646
β2-MG	0.24	1.273 (1.051-1.542)	0.013				0.285	1.330 (1.036-1.714)	0.028
IL-6	0.02	1.02 (0.772-1.406)	0.21				0.014	1.014 (0.119-4.557)	0.508
TCH	-0.309	0.734 (0.569-0.948)	0.012				-0.206	0.814 (0.286-1.337)	0.173
TG	0.073	1.076 (0.471-2.696)	0.44				0.012	1.012 (0.553-3.469)	0.902
LDL-C	-0.263	0.77 (0.224-1.927)	0.07				-0.267	0.766 (0.468-1.370)	0.126
HDL-C	0.068	1.071 (0.443-3.042)	0.82				0.056	1.057 (0.427-3.285)	0.871
MNA-SF-based malnutrition	1.063	2.895 (1.438-5.830)	< 0.01	1.075	2.930 (1.218, 7.046)	0.02	0.902	2.465 (1.040-5.839)	0.04	0.912	2.908 (1.01-4.913)	0.044
IADL-based disability	1.333	3.793 (2.117-6.796)	< 0.01	0.896	2.449 (1.160, 5.172)	0.01	1.171	3.226 (1.624-6.405)	< 0.01	0.856	2.354 (1.062-5.215)	0.035
FRAIL-based frailty phenotype	-0.380	1.463 (0.563-1.980)	0.42				0.914	2.493 (0.462-5.707)	0.157
Low physical activity	0.621	1.860 (1.053-3.285)	0.03				0.407	1.502 (0.978-3.750)	0.23

BMI: Body mass index; UAC: Upper arm circumference; 6MWT: 6-minute walk test; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; hsCRP: High-sensitivity C-reactive protein; β2-MG: β2-microglobulin; IL: Interleukin; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; TCH: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MOCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment; MNA-SF: Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form; FRAIL: Fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and loss of weight.