Long-term risk of diabetes following hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A retrospective cohort study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study population, n (%)

	Before PSM				After PSM
	Pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 159301)	Non-pregnancy hypertension (n = 503163)	SMD	P value	Pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 159272)	Non-pregnancy hypertension (n = 159272)	SMD	P value
Age at index (mean ± SD)	27.7 ± 5.6	26.9 ± 5.5	0.147	< 0.001	27.7 ± 5.6	27.7 ± 5.6	0.001	0.898
Race
White	91079 (57.2)	261926 (52.1)	0.103	< 0.001	91061 (57.2)	91025 (57.2)	0.001	0.897
Black or African American	29538 (18.5)	74161 (14.7)	0.102	< 0.001	29527 (18.5)	29673 (18.6)	0.002	0.506
Asian	4128 (2.6)	20490 (4.1)	0.083	< 0.001	4128 (2.6)	4112 (2.6)	0.003	0.858
Lifestyle
Personal history of nicotine dependence	5366 (3.4)	11826 (2.4)	0.061	< 0.001	5361 (3.4)	5344 (3.4)	0.001	0.867
Alcohol abuse	94 (0.1)	259 (0.1)	0.003	0.256	94 (0.1)	72 (0.1)	0.006	0.088
Persons encountering health services for examinations	64133 (40.3)	199470 (39.6)	0.013	< 0.001	64120 (40.3)	64196 (40.3)	0.001	0.784
Comorbidities
Gestational Diabetes mellitus	12509 (7.9)	25732 (5.1)	0.111	< 0.001	12486 (7.8)	12450 (7.8)	0.001	0.812
Polycystic ovarian syndrome	3870 (2.4)	6079 (1.2)	0.091	< 0.001	3845 (2.4)	3796 (2.4)	0.002	0.57
Chronic kidney disease	298 (0.2)	460 (0.1)	0.026	< 0.001	295 (0.2)	276 (0.2)	0.003	0.426
Hyperlipidemia	1368 (0.9)	3777 (0.5)	0.048	< 0.001	1362 (0.9)	1314 (0.8)	0.003	0.351
Overweight and obesity	26168 (16.4)	44970 (8.9)	0.226	< 0.001	26139 (16.4)	26169 (16.4)	0.001	0.886

SMD: Standardized mean difference.