Correlation between serum advanced glycation end-products and their receptor-mediated oxidative stress and perinatal outcomes in gestational diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Inter-group comparison of general information

Parameter	Control group (n = 85)	GDM group (n = 126)	χ2/t	P value
Age (years)	28.33 ± 3.17	28.58 ± 3.02	1.083	0.280
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2)	22.57 ± 2.19	22.44 ± 2.16	1.428	0.155
Parity (time)			0.148	0.929
0	38	53
1	42	65
≥ 2	5	8
Gestational age at delivery (weeks)	38.37 ± 0.72	38.23 ± 0.73	0.808	0.420
Newborn body mass (g)	3587 ± 438	3675 ± 323	1.614	0.108
Smoking history	7	12	0.103	0.748
Alcohol consumption history	9	18	0.622	0.430
Family history of diabetes mellitus	18	36	1.458	0.227
FPG
At 24-28 weeks of pregnancy	4.11 ± 0.44	5.51 ± 0.30	26.40	< 0.00011
Before delivery	4.08 ± 0.32	4.81 ± 0.44	13.49	< 0.00011
HbA1c (%)
At 24-28 weeks of pregnancy	4.93 ± 0.46	6.05 ± 0.29	9.280	< 0.00011
Before delivery	4.88 ± 0.39	5.56 ± 0.47	25.00	< 0.00011
TC (mmol/L)
At 24-28 weeks of pregnancy	5.46 ± 0.33	5.49 ± 0.36	0.143	0.886
Before delivery	5.89 ± 0.46	5.95 ± 0.37	1.127	0.261
TG (mmol/L)
At 24-28 weeks of pregnancy	2.88 ± 0.22	2.93 ± 0.19	1.862	0.064
Before delivery	3.17 ± 0.31	3.22 ± 0.34	0.228	0.822
HDL-C (mmol/L)
At 24-28 weeks of pregnancy	1.65 ± 0.24	1.69 ± 0.34	1.412	0.159
Before delivery	1.81 ± 0.21	1.87 ± 0.29	1.085	0.279
LDL-C (mmol/L)
At 24-28 weeks of pregnancy	3.55 ± 0.46	3.66 ± 0.50	1.211	0.227
Before delivery	3.76 ± 0.51	3.85 ± 0.48	1.393	0.165

¹Statistically significant difference.

GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus; BMI: Body mass index; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; AGE: Advanced glycation end-product; sRAGE: Soluble advanced glycation end-product receptor; RAGE: Advanced glycation end-product receptor; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; HDL-C: High density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low density lipoprotein cholesterol.