Associations of nontraditional lipoprotein ratios with future cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 2 Risk of major adverse cardiovascular events for baseline nontraditional lipoprotein ratios

Characteristics	Crude		Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Model 4
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
TC/HDL-C	1.12 (1.09-1.15)	< 0.0001	1.12 (1.09-1.15)	< 0.0001	1.12 (1.09-1.15)	< 0.0001	1.10 (1.07-1.13)	< 0.0001	1.09 (1.06-1.13)	< 0.0001
Q1	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Q2	1.16 (1.00-1.33)	0.0439	1.14 (0.99-1.31)	0.0720	1.16 (1.01-1.34)	0.0409	1.14 (0.99-1.32)	0.0727	1.14 (0.98-1.31)	0.0816
Q3	1.36 (1.19-1.56)	< 0.0001	1.34 (1.17-1.54)	< 0.0001	1.35 (1.17-1.55)	< 0.0001	1.31 (1.14-1.51)	0.0002	1.30 (1.13-1.50)	0.0003
Q4	1.61 (1.41-1.84)	< 0.0001	1.58 (1.38-1.81)	< 0.0001	1.64 (1.43-1.88)	< 0.0001	1.53 (1.33-1.76)	< 0.0001	1.50 (1.29-1.73)	< 0.0001
P for trend	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001
Per 1 SD	1.18 (1.13-1.23)	< 0.0001	1.18 (1.13-1.23)	< 0.0001	1.19 (1.14-1.24)	< 0.0001	1.16 (1.11-1.21)	< 0.0001	1.15 (1.09-1.20)	< 0.0001
LDL-C/HDL-C	1.18 (1.13-1.23)	< 0.0001	1.18 (1.12-1.23)	< 0.0001	1.19 (1.14-1.24)	< 0.0001	1.16 (1.11-1.22)	< 0.0001	1.16 (1.10-1.21)	< 0.0001
Q1	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Q2	1.20 (1.04-1.38)	0.0116	1.19 (1.03-1.37)	0.0162	1.16 (1.01-1.33)	0.0424	1.13 (0.98-1.30)	0.0904	1.13 (0.98-1.30)	0.0989
Q3	1.31 (1.14-1.50)	0.0001	1.30 (1.13-1.49)	0.0002	1.33 (1.16-1.53)	< 0.0001	1.30 (1.13-1.49)	0.0003	1.29 (1.12-1.48)	0.0004
Q4	1.55 (1.36-1.77)	< 0.0001	1.54 (1.35-1.76)	< 0.0001	1.62 (1.42-1.86)	< 0.0001	1.53 (1.33-1.76)	< 0.0001	1.51 (1.30-1.74)	< 0.0001
P for trend	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001
Per 1 SD	1.18 (1.13-1.23)	< 0.0001	1.18 (1.13-1.23)	< 0.0001	1.19 (1.14-1.24)	< 0.0001	1.16 (1.11-1.22)	< 0.0001	1.16 (1.10-1.21)	< 0.0001
Non-HDL-C/HDL-C	1.12 (1.09-1.15)	< 0.0001	1.12 (1.09-1.15)	< 0.0001	1.12 (1.09-1.15)	< 0.0001	1.10 (1.07-1.13)	< 0.0001	1.09 (1.06-1.13)	< 0.0001
Q1	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Q2	1.16 (1.00-1.33)	0.0439	1.14 (0.99-1.31)	0.0720	1.16 (1.01-1.34)	0.0409	1.14 (0.99-1.32)	0.0727	1.14 (0.98-1.31)	0.0816
Q3	1.36 (1.19-1.56)	< 0.0001	1.34 (1.17-1.54)	< 0.0001	1.35 (1.17-1.55)	< 0.0001	1.31 (1.14-1.51)	0.0002	1.30 (1.13-1.50)	0.0003
Q4	1.61 (1.41-1.84)	< 0.0001	1.58 (1.38-1.81)	< 0.0001	1.64 (1.43-1.88)	< 0.0001	1.53 (1.33-1.76)	< 0.0001	1.50 (1.29-1.73)	< 0.0001
P for trend	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001
Per 1 SD	1.18 (1.13-1.23)	< 0.0001	1.18 (1.13-1.23)	< 0.0001	1.19 (1.14-1.24)	< 0.0001	1.16 (1.11-1.21)	< 0.0001	1.15 (1.09-1.20)	< 0.0001
RC/HDL-C	1.12 (1.08-1.17)	< 0.0001	1.12 (1.07-1.17)	< 0.0001	1.11 (1.06-1.16)	< 0.0001	1.09 (1.04-1.14)	< 0.0001	1.08 (1.03-1.14)	< 0.0001
Q1	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-	Reference	-
Q2	1.13 (0.98-1.30)	0.0966	1.08 (0.93-1.24)	0.3024	1.07 (0.93-1.24)	0.3453	1.05 (0.91-1.22)	0.4849	1.05 (0.91-1.21)	0.5090
Q3	1.42 (1.24-1.63)	< 0.0001	1.34 (1.17-1.54)	< 0.0001	1.31 (1.14-1.505)	0.0002	1.26 (1.09-1.45)	0.0014	1.26 (1.09-1.45)	0.0016
Q4	1.49 (1.30-1.70)	< 0.0001	1.44 (1.25-1.65)	< 0.0001	1.40 (1.21-1.61)	< 0.0001	1.32 (1.14-1.52)	0.0002	1.30 (1.12-1.50)	0.0005
P for trend	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001	-	< 0.0001
Per 1 SD	1.10 (1.06-1.14)	< 0.0001	1.10 (1.06-1.14)	< 0.0001	1.09 (1.05-1.14)	< 0.0001	1.07 (1.03-1.12)	0.0005	1.07 (1.03-1.11)	0.0014

Data are expressed as hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (reported in parentheses) as assessed by multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Model 1 adjusted for sex, age, race, and educational level. Model 2 adjusted for model 1 covariables plus depression, cigarette-smoking status, duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus, previous cardiovascular events, previous heart failure, and previous hypertension. Model 3 adjusted for model 2 covariables plus body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, fasting blood glucose, and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Model 4 adjusted for model 3 covariables plus insulin use, biguanide use, beta-blocker use, and statin use. TC: Total cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SD: Standard deviation; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; RC: Remnant cholesterol; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.