Impaired efferocytosis by monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes

Figure 1 Impaired efferocytosis function of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in type 2 diabetes patients. A: Efferocytosis by monocytes in control subjects and type 2 diabetes patients determined by flow cytometry. The efferocytosis index was calculated as (number of CFSE⁺CD14⁺ monocytes/number of total CD14⁺ monocytes) × 100 (%). Data are presented as medians and quartiles or mean ± SD; B and C: Efferocytosis by monocyte-derived macrophages in control subjects and diabetic patients determined by flow cytometry or by immunofluorescence. The efferocytosis index was determined as (number of CFSE⁺CD11b⁺ monocytes/number of total CD11b⁺ monocytes) × 100 (%). The average number of efferosomes per efferocyte was calculated as the amount of efferocytosed apoptotic material per macrophage containing at least one bound or ingested apoptotic cell(s). Scale bar: 20 μm. The data are the mean ± SD. ^bP < 0.01 from paired t test (B) or unpaired t test (C), ^cP < 0.001 from the Wilcoxon matched pair test (for monocyte subsets) or paired t test (for the monocyte efferocytosis index). T2D: Type 2 diabetes.