Glycemic control, weight-loss effects, and safety of cotadutide in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 3 Comparison of the safety outcomes in the cotadutide group vs the active control group

Outcome variables (categorical)	Cotadutide dose	Number of studies reporting the outcome	No. of participants with outcome/participants analyzed		Pooled effect size, RR (95%CI)	I2 (%)	P value
			Cotadutide	ACG
TEAEs	All doses	3	610/772	115/165	1.07 (0.83-1.36)	77	0.62
	100 μg/day	2	118/155	107/155	1.05 (0.84-1.31)	67	0.65
	300 μg/day	3	251/313	115/165	1.07 (0.81-1.41)	76	0.63
TRAEs	All doses	2	356/621	32/120	1.71 (0.77-3.80)	84	0.19
	300 μg/day	2	162/265	32/120	1.76 (0.75-4.14)	86	0.19
Serious AEs	All doses	3	80/772	12/165	1.34 (0.75-2.41)	0	0.32
	100 μg/day	2	17/155	12/155	1.42 (0.70-2.87)	0	0.33
	300 μg/day	3	25/313	12/165	1.10 (0.57-2.15)	0	0.78
Discontinuation of the study drug due to AEs	All doses	3	121/772	9/165	2.26 (0.15-34.46)	91	0.56
	100 μg/day	2	15/155	9/155	1.30 (0.05-37.17)	90	0.88
	300 μg/day	3	57/313	9/165	1.80 (0.04-73.66)	92	0.76
Abdominal pain	All doses	2	3/161	1/55	0.89 (0.09-8.33)	0	0.92
	300 μg/day	2	1/58	1/55	0.92 (0.06-14.25)	NA	0.95
Dyspepsia	All doses	3	610/772	115/165	1.07 (0.83-1.36)	77	0.62
	100 μg/day	2	118/155	107/155	1.05 (0.84-1.31)	67	0.65
	300 μg/day	3	251/313	115/165	1.07 (0.81-1.41)	76	0.63
GERD	All doses	2	6/161	4/55	0.65 (0.16-2.58)	0	0.54
	300 μg/day	2	2/58	4/55	0.60 (0.12-2.96)	0	0.53
Nausea	All doses	3	243/772	29/165	1.64 (0.57-4.70)	82	0.35
	100 μg/day	2	29/155	28/155	0.86 (0.27-2.79)	79	0.80
	300 μg/day	3	116/313	29/165	1.72 (0.47-6.37)	82	0.41
Vomiting	All doses	3	116/772	10/165	1.61 (0.26-9.97)	81	0.61
	100 μg/day	2	12/155	9/155	1.04 (0.08-13.28)	85	0.97
	300 μg/day	3	46/313	10/165	1.38 (0.17-11.19)	79	0.76
Eructation	All doses	2	28/764	1/155	1.09 (0.01-101.81)	78	0.97
	100 μg/day	2	2/155	1/155	1.31 (0.07-23.51)	42	0.85
	300 μg/day	2	12/305	1/155	1.97 (0.06-64.31)	63	0.70
Constipation	All doses	3	34/772	6/165	1.47 (0.60-3.60)	0	0.39
	100 μg/day	2	3/155	4/155	0.70 (0.16-3.12)	0	0.64
	300 μg/day	3	17/313	6/165	1.59 (0.60-4.19)	0	0.35
Diarrhea	All doses	3	102/772	10/165	1.70 (0.34-8.51)	77	0.52
	100 μg/day	2	17/155	10/155	1.42 (0.23-8.97)	81	0.71
	300 μg/day	3	33/313	10/165	1.59 (0.47-5.35)	50	0.45
Decreased appetite	All doses	3	36/772	11/165	0.67 (0.09-5.23)	73	0.70
	100 μg/day	2	3/155	9/155	0.44 (0.01-27.33)	81	0.69
	300 μg/day	3	16/313	11/165	0.70 (0.07-6.61)	71	0.76
Fatigue	All doses	2	7/161	2/55	2.03 (0.45-9.09)	0	0.35
	300 μg/day	2	3/58	2/55	1.39 (0.15-13.21)	34	0.78
Dizziness	All doses	3	38/773	3/165	1.98 (0.41-9.46)	26	0.39
	100 μg/day	2	5/152	1/155	2.78 (0.26-30.23)	30	0.40
	300 μg/day	3	20/314	3/165	2.63 (0.46-15.08)	38	0.28
Headache	All doses	3	43/773	3/165	1.72 (0.33-8.96)	37	0.52
	100 μg/day	2	4/152	2/155	1.59 (0.10-26.25)	55	0.75
	300 μg/day	3	21/314	3/165	1.85 (0.23-14.77)	48	0.56

TEAE: Treatment-emergent adverse events; TRAE: Treatment-related adverse events; AE: Adverse events; GI: Gastrointestinal; GERD: Gastroesophageal reflux disease; ACG: Active control group; NA: Not applicable; RR: Risk ratio; CI: Confidence interval.