Liraglutide alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by enhancing mitophagy mediated by the AMPK-Parkin signaling pathway

Figure 1 Liraglutide improves cardiac function and biochemical profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy rats. A: Representative echocardiographic images for four groups of rats at the end of the experiment. B mode represents a two-dimensional echocardiogram showing left ventricular (LV) long-axis view. M mode represents M-mode echocardiogram showing LV dimensions; B-E: Quantification of LV ejection fraction, LV fractional shortening, LV internal diastolic dimension, LV internal diameter in systole in four groups of rats, n = 8 per group; F: Serum level of fasting blood glucose in the four groups of rats, n = 8 per group; G-J: Serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the four groups of rats, n = 8 per group. Values are presented as the mean ± SD, n = 8. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^CP < 0.001. Con: Control group; DCM: Diabetic cardiomyopathy; LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; LVFS: Left ventricular fractional shortening; LVIDd: Left ventricular internal end-diastolic diameter; LVIDs: Left ventricular internal dimension systole; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol.