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Evidence-Based Medicine
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Diabetes. Dec 15, 2025; 16(12): 111963
Published online Dec 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i12.111963
Figure 1
Figure 1 Overview of the study design in our Mendelian randomization and colocalization study. DN: Diabetic neuropathy; UKB-PPP: United Kingdom biobank pharma proteomics project; eQTL: Expression quantitative trait loci; GTEx: Genotype-tissue expression; GWAS: Genome-wide association studies; MR: Mendelian randomization; SMR: Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization; FDR: False discovery rate; GO: Gene Ontology; Cis-pQTL: Cis-protein quantitative trait loci; HEIDI: Heterogeneity dependency tool; PheWAS: Phenome-Wide Association Study.


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