Association of ICAM-1 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetic Retinopathy in T2DM Patients from Northern India: Case-control and meta-analysis

Table 4 Comparison of mean values for clinical characteristics stratified by genotypes among diabetic retinopathy cases for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 c.1405A>G (p.Lys469Glu) polymorphism

Characteristics	AA (n = 103)	AG (n = 138)	GG (n = 61)	P value
Age (years)	56.10 ± 8.22	54.93 ± 8.42	55.55 ± 7.92	0.55
Age of onset of diabetes (years)	44.17 ± 10.09	41.63 ± 9.45	42.16 ± 8.91	0.118
Duration of diabetes (years)	11.76 ± 6.27	13.02 ± 5.99	13.63 ± 5.92	0.12
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	132.61 ± 13.15	130.28 ± 14.82	134.69 ± 16.58	0.129
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	81.42 ± 6.12	82.12 ± 6.48	82.93 ± 6.17	0.33
BMI (kg/m2)	24.58 ± 3.71	24.05 ± 3.95	23.97 ± 3.13	0.465
Random blood glucose levels (mg/dL)	198.65 ± 68.14	201.62 ± 77.81	187.92 ± 70.01	0.472
HbA1c (%)	8.13 ± 1.12	8.15 ± 1.24	7.94 ± 1.00	0.483
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	130.42 ± 56.24	126.67 ± 52.13	134.46 ± 56.07	0.634
TG (mg/dL)	154.92 ± 70.02	161.48 ± 82.99	156.78 ± 77.16	0.799
High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	41.67 ± 19.07	39.08 ± 21.32	45.90 ± 18.66	0.087
Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	93.43 ± 61.61	91.93 ± 63.60	96.43 ± 70.28	0.902
Very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)	32.58 ± 15.19	33.18 ± 16.89	32.99 ± 16.74	0.961

Data are presented as mean ± SD. P values were computed by the one-way analysis of variance and indicate the significance of comparison between patients with diabetic retinopathy. BMI: Body mass index; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; TG: Triglyceride.