Association of ICAM-1 Gene Polymorphisms with Diabetic Retinopathy in T2DM Patients from Northern India: Case-control and meta-analysis

Table 2 Allele frequencies and genotype distribution of c.1405A>G (p.Lys469Glu) (rs5498) polymorphism in intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy groups

	PDR cases, n = 189	NPDR, n = 113	χ2, P value	OR (95%CI)	OR, P value
Alleles
A	219 (57.93)	125 (55.30)	0.585	Reference	Reference
G	159 (42.06)	101 (44.69)		0.89 (0.64-1.25)	0.528
Genotypes
AA	65 (34.39)	38 (33.62)	0.627	Reference	Reference
AG	89 (47.08)	49 (43.36)		1.06 (0.62-1.80)	0.824
GG	35 (18.51)	26 (23.00)		0.78 (0.41-1.50)	0.467
Genetic models
Dominant model (AA vs AG + GG)				0.93 (0.56-1.54)	0.791
Codominant model (AG vs AA + GG)				1.15 (0.72-1.86)	0.544
Recessive model (GG vs AG + AA)				0.72 (0.40-1.30)	0.285

Data are presented as n (%). Data indicate the number of subjects with each genotype and allele (frequency in percent). Odds ratios for different modes of inheritance were calculated. Odds ratios were adjusted for age, age of onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, random blood glucose levels, glycated hemoglobin, and body mass index. PDR: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy; NPDR: Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.