Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists switching patterns in type two diabetes: A retrospective real-world study

doi:10.4239/wjd.v16.i11.112999

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Diabetes. Nov 15, 2025; 16(11): 112999
Published online Nov 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i11.112999

Table 2 Glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin) before and after switching between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists

Exenatide BID	HbA_1c pre	HbA_1c post	P value	Exenatide ER	HbA_1c pre	HbA_1c post	P value
Liraglutide (n = 616)	8.9 ± 1.5, 8.7 (7.9-9.8)	8.6 ± 1.7, 8.2 (7.3-9.5)	< 0.001	Liraglutide (n = 310)	9.2 ± 1.5, 8.9 (8-10)	8.4 ± 1.7, 7.9 (7-9)	< 0.001
Lixisenatide (n = 12)	9.9 ± 1.7, 10 (8.7-11.2)	9.9 ± 1.9, 9.9 (8.5-11.5)	0.665	Lixisenatid (n = 60)	9.2 ± 1.5, 8.9 (8.1-10)	9.2 ± 1.9, 8.8 (7.8-10)	0.940
Exenatide ER (n = 62)	8.5 ± 1.7, 8.1 (7.3-9.3)	7.8 ± 1.4, 7.3 (6.7-8.5)	< 0.001	Dulaglutide (n = 1046)	8.5 ± 1.5, 8.3 (7.5-9.3)	8.0 ± 1.5, 7.7 (7-8.7)	< 0.001
Dulaglutide (n = 18)	8.7 ± 1.7, 8.9 (7.5-9.8)	7.5 ± 0.94, 7.3 (6.9-8.2)	0.005	Semaglutide (n = 117)	7.9 ± 1.4, 7.6 (6.8-8.8)	7.2 ± 1.3, 6.9 (6.3-7.7)	< 0.001
Liraglutide				Dulaglutide
Exenatide BID (n = 159)	9.1 ± 1.6, 8.8 (7.9-9.8)	8.8 ± 1.7, 8.5 (7.5-10.2)	0.085	Liraglutide (n = 479)	8.7 ± 1.4, 8.4 (7.7-9.6)	8.1 ± 1.6, 7.9 (7.1-9)	< 0.001
Lixisenatide (n = 464)	9.4 ± 1.4, 9.3 (8.4-10.3)	9.4 ± 1.7, 9.1 (8-10.5)	0.343	Lixisenatid (n = 11)	9.3 ± 1.9, 8.9 (8.4-10.2)	9.0 ± 1.8, 8.7 (8.1-10)	0.504
Exenatide ER (n = 956)	9.1 ± 1.6, 9 (8.1-10)	8.5 ± 1.6, 8.2 (7.4-9.4)	< 0.001	Exenatide ER (n = 100)	8.9 ± 1.4, 8.6 (7.8-9.9)	8.4 ± 1.5, 8.3 (7.3-9.3)	0.004
Dulaglutide (n = 3392)	8.8 ± 1.6, 8.5 (7.8-9.7)	8.1 ± 1.5, 7.8 (7-8.8)	< 0.001	Semaglutide (n = 3425)	8.0 ± 1.4, 7.8 (7-8.7)	7.4 ± 1.4, 7.2 (6.5-8.1)	< 0.001
Semaglutide (n = 2192)	7.9 ± 1.4, 7.7 (7-8.6)	7.2 ± 1.2, 6.9 (6.4-7.7)	< 0.001
Lixisenatide				Semaglutide
Liraglutide (n = 149)	9.1 ± 1.4, 9 (8.1-10)	8.1 ± 1.4, 7.8 (7-9)	< 0.001	Liraglutide (n = 8)	9.3 ± 2.0, 8.5 (7.5-11)	8.0 ± 1.8, 7.6 (6.6-9.4)	0.183
Exenatide ER (n = 79)	9.7 ± 1.4, 9.4 (8.7-10.5)	8.6 ± 1.4, 8.3 (7.6-9.6)	< 0.001	Dulaglutide (n = 124)	8.4 ± 1.5, 8.1 (7.6-9.2)	7.8 ± 1.5, 7.8 (6.7-8.7)	< 0.001
Dulaglutide (n = 183)	9.3 ± 11.5, 9.2 (8-10)	8.2 ± 1.5, 7.9 (7-8.8)	< 0.001
Semaglutide (n = 8)	7.8 ± 1.2, 7.6 (6.9-8.5)	6.3 ± 0.55, 6.3 (6-6.6)	0.009

BID: Twice daily; ER: Extended-release; HbA_1c: Glycated hemoglobin.

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Citation: Kassem S, Khalaila B, Stein N, Zaina A. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists switching patterns in type two diabetes: A retrospective real-world study. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(11): 112999
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v16/i11/112999.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v16.i11.112999

Kassem S, Khalaila B, Stein N, Zaina A. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists switching patterns in type two diabetes: A retrospective real-world study. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(11): 112999 [PMID: 41278443 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i11.112999]

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