Mechanisms behind the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of seaweeds or macroalgae and their bioactive compounds

Figure 5 The anti-obesity effects of seaweeds and their compounds, showing their role in regulating adipogenesis, appetite, and energy balance, as well as modulating gut microbiota to promote weight management and overall metabolic health. AMPK: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; SREBP: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c; FAS: Fatty acid synthase; ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; UCP-1: Uncoupling protein-1; SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids; PYY: Peptide YY; GLP: Glucagon-like peptide-1.