Real-world evidence for herbal medicine benefit in 9728 type 2 diabetes patients-peridonotitis risk and ambulatory care utilization

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World Journal of Diabetes

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1948-9358

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Diabetes. Nov 15, 2025; 16(11): 112171
Published online Nov 15, 2025. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i11.112171

Table 1 Demographic data and selected comorbidities of the study subjects

Variables	All participants	Nonusers of medicinal herbs, n = 9728	Users of medicinal herbs, n = 9728	P value
Age (year)	54.3 ± 10.4	54.3 ± 10.5	54.3 ± 10.4	0.91
≤ 50	6622 (34.0)	3305 (34.0)	3317 (34.1)	0.86
> 50	12834 (66.0)	6423 (66.0)	6411 (65.9)	0.86
Gender				0.97
Female	10893 (56.0)	5445 (56.0)	5448 (56.0)
Male	8563 (44.0)	4283 (44.0)	4280 (44.0)
Monthly income				0.40
Low	7473 (38.4)	3765 (38.7)	3708 (38.1)
Median	11260 (57.9)	5617 (57.7)	5643 (58.0)
High	723 (3.7)	346 (3.6)	377 (3.9)
Residential area				0.12
Urban	10461 (53.8)	5302 (54.5)	5159 (53.0)
Suburban	397 (16.4)	1569 (16.1)	1628 (16.7)
Rural	5798 (29.8)	2857 (29.4)	2941 (30.2)
CCI	3.92 (6.1)	3.91 (5.9)	3.94 (6.2)	0.35

Data were showed as n (%) or mean ± SD. CCI: Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index.

Citation: Lin WW, Yen CT, Livneh H, Huang HL, Lu MC, Chen WJ, Tsai TY. Real-world evidence for herbal medicine benefit in 9728 type 2 diabetes patients-peridonotitis risk and ambulatory care utilization. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(11): 112171
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-9358/full/v16/i11/112171.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v16.i11.112171

Lin WW, Yen CT, Livneh H, Huang HL, Lu MC, Chen WJ, Tsai TY. Real-world evidence for herbal medicine benefit in 9728 type 2 diabetes patients-peridonotitis risk and ambulatory care utilization. World J Diabetes 2025; 16(11): 112171 [PMID: 41278447 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v16.i11.112171]

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