Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and impaired vascular function in type 2 diabetes

Table 4 Subgroup analysis of cardiorespiratory fitness and the odds of impaired vascular function

Variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3		Pinteraction1
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Age (years)							0.68
< 60	0.77 (0.60-0.98)	0.04	0.76 (0.59-0.99)	0.04	0.74 (0.54-1.00)	0.05
≥ 60	0.67 (0.47-0.96)	0.03	0.66 (0.45-0.95)	0.03	0.58 (0.36-0.92)	0.02
Gender							0.30
Male	0.62 (0.47-0.82)	0.001	0.66 (0.50-0.88)	0.004	0.62 (0.45-0.87)	0.01
Female	0.79 (0.57-1.09)	0.15	0.84 (0.59-1.19)	0.32	0.80 (0.54-1.20)	0.28
Duration of diabetes (years)2							0.55
< 1	0.96 (0.60-1.55)	0.87	0.74 (0.52-1.04)	0.08	0.66 (0.46-0.95)	0.03
1-10	0.98 (0.58-1.68)	0.95	0.75 (0.51-1.09)	0.13	0.67 (0.45-0.99)	0.04
≥ 10	1.40 (0.54-3.61)	0.48	0.76 (0.46-1.26)	0.29	0.56 (0.36-0.88)	0.01
Smoking							0.82
Yes	0.75 (0.54-1.05)	0.09	0.76 (0.54-1.06)	0.11	0.75 (0.47-1.20)	0.23
No	0.66 (0.51-0.85)	0.001	0.70 (0.53-0.93)	0.01	0.63 (0.46-0.87)	0.003
Drinking							0.73
Yes	0.80 (0.55-1.16)	0.25	0.79 (0.53-1.18)	0.25	0.81 (0.50-1.31)	0.40
No	0.65 (0.51-0.83)	0.001	0.69 (0.53-0.89)	0.01	0.66 (0.50-0.88)	0.01
BMI (kg/m2)							0.19
< 24	0.66 (0.47-0.92)	0.01	0.67 (0.46-0.98)	0.04	0.57 (0.36-0.89)	0.01
24-28	0.85 (0.62-1.17)	0.33	0.91 (0.63-1.31)	0.61	0.86 (0.55-1.35)	0.52
≥ 28	0.56 (0.35-0.89)	0.01	0.67 (0.40-1.10)	0.12	0.61 (0.33-1.14)	0.12
LDL (mmol/L)							0.72
< 2.6	0.64 (0.45-0.93)	0.02	0.57 (0.37-0.89)	0.01	0.51 (0.30-0.85)	0.01
≥ 2.6	0.71 (0.56-0.90)	0.01	0.78 (0.61-1.00)	0.05	0.75 (0.56-1.00)	0.05

¹P_interaction values are derived from Model 3.

²There were 259 data available for analysis.

Model 1 was a crude model. Model 2 was adjusted for age and gender. Model 3 was adjusted for age, gender, history of smoking and drinking, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin A1c (except the variables used for subgrouping). HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin A1c; OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.