RRM2 attenuates the renal tubular ferroptosis in diabetic kidney disease through PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway

Table 2 Baseline characteristics between all subgroups of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Characteristics	Normoalbuminuria (n = 93)	Microalbuminuria (n = 58)	Macroalbuminuria (n = 43)	P value
Age (years)	52.93 ± 9.33	55.93 ± 9.87	58.98 ± 8.96	0.002
Sex (male), n (%)	46 (49.5)	31 (53.4)	24 (55.8)	0.764
BMI (kg/m2)	24.23 ± 1.03	24.74 ± 1.18	24.98 ± 1.18	0.001
Duration (years)	8.03 ± 1.37	9.54 ± 1.67	10.99 ± 2.05	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	130.61 ± 13.72	140.40 ± 13.10	145.44 ± 15.32	< 0.001
FBG (mmol/L)	7.50 ± 1.01	7.82 ± 0.93	8.25 ± 1.49	0.001
HbA1c (%)	7.74 ± 0.93	8.02 ± 1.42	8.23 ± 1.21	0.065
TG (mmol/L)	1.97 ± 0.79	2.21 ± 0.88	2.28 ± 0.78	0.061
TC (mmol/L)	5.34 ± 0.70	5.57 ± 0.74	5.75 ± 0.66	0.006
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)	110.87 ± 22.75	97.40 ± 12.07	77.60 ± 11.53	< 0.001
Scr (μmol/L)	72.07 ± 9.14	82.92 ± 12.70	104.77 ± 15.79	< 0.001
Urinary NGAL (ng/mL)	8.17 ± 1.31	8.72 ± 1.56	9.46 ± 1.51	< 0.001
Urinary KIM-1 (ng/mL)	1.21 ± 0.32	1.34 ± 0.32	1.43 ± 0.42	0.002
MDA (nmol/mL)	8.50 ± 1.13	9.27 ± 1.47	10.35 ± 1.54	< 0.001
GSH (nmol/mL)	9.37 ± 1.66	7.79 ± 1.54	6.73 ± 1.50	< 0.001
SLC7A11 (pg/mL)	135.23 ± 16.74	121.14 ± 15.64	108.24 ± 14.79	< 0.001
GPX4 (ng/mL)	150.92 ± 17.42	135.91 ± 15.77	118.04 ± 14.88	< 0.001
RRM2 (pg/mL)	40.51 ± 6.32	36.29 ± 5.59	32.12 ± 4.91	< 0.001

BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Glycosylated hemoglobin; TG: Triglyceride; TC: Total cholesterol; eGFR: Estimated glomerular filtration rate; Scr: Serum creatinine; NGAL: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin; KIM-1: Kidney injury molecule-1; MDA: Malondialdehyde; GSH: Glutathione; SLC7A11: Solute carrier family 7 member 11; GPX4: Glutathione peroxidase 4; RRM2: Ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2.