Correlation of gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide with inflammatory levels and osteoporosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Figure 5 Correlation analysis of trimethylamine N-oxide and inflammatory factor levels in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Matrix scatter plot. r denotes the correlation coefficient. Polynomial fitting is used to explore potential nonlinear trends, and the Pearson correlation coefficient r is applied to quantify the strength of relationships between variables. Histograms on the diagonal represent data distribution patterns. In the scatter plots, an upward-sloping trend line indicates a positive correlation, while a downward-sloping trend line indicates a negative correlation. Data points clustered within the ellipse represent the main distribution area, whereas points outside the ellipse are considered outliers. ^aP < 0.05. TMAO: Trimethylamine N-oxide; CRP: C-reactive protein; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IL-8: Interleukin-8; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor.