Correlation of gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide with inflammatory levels and osteoporosis in patients with diabetic nephropathy

Figure 4 Correlation scatter plot matrix of trimethylamine N-oxide and the relative abundance of gut microbiota phyla in patients with diabetic nephropathy. r represents the correlation coefficient. Polynomial fitting is used to explore potential nonlinear trends, and the Pearson correlation coefficient r is applied to quantify the strength of associations between variables. Histograms on the diagonal illustrate the distribution patterns of each variable. In the scatter plots, an upward-sloping trend line indicates a positive correlation, while a downward-sloping trend line indicates a negative correlation. The area within the ellipse represents the cluster of data points, while those outside the ellipse are considered outliers. ^aP < 0.05. TMAO: Trimethylamine N-oxide.