Advances in gestational diabetes mellitus screening: Emerging trends and future directions

Table 3 Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus

	One-step strategy	Two-step strategy
Test	75 g OGTT: In individuals without a prior diagnosis of diabetes, screening is performed in the fasting state between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation (following a minimum of 8 hours of overnight fasting). GDM is diagnosed if any of the following blood glucose thresholds are met or exceeded	First step: 50 g glucose challenge test: This test is administered between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation in individuals without a prior diagnosis of diabetes and does not require fasting. If the 1-hour plasma glucose level meets or exceeds the specified threshold values, a 100 g OGTT should be performed
Blood glucose thresholds	IADPSG: Fasting glucose ≥ 93 mg/dL (≥ 5.1 mmol/L)	Fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL (≥ 5.3 mmol/L)
	1-hour plasma glucose ≥ 180 mg/dL (≥ 10.0 mmol/L)	1-hour plasma glucose ≥ 180 mg/dL (≥ 10.0 mmol/L)
	2-hour plasma glucose ≥ 153 mg/dL (≥ 8.5 mmol/L)	2-hour plasma glucose ≥ 155 mg/dL (≥ 8.6 mmol/L)
	Carpenter-Coustan criteria: Fasting glucose ≥ 95 mg/dL (≥ 5.3 mmol/L)	2-hour plasma glucose ≥ 140 mg/dL (≥ 7.8 mmol/L)
	1-hour plasma glucose ≥ 180 mg/dL (≥ 10.0 mmol/L)
	2-hour plasma glucose ≥ 155 mg/dL (≥ 8.6 mmol/L)

Screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus[8]. IADPSG: International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups; OGTT: Oral glucose tolerance test; GDM: Gestational diabetes mellitus.