Association between Zhejiang University index and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Table 1 Comparison of baseline clinical characteristics in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients grouped according to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease status, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 688)	Non-MASLD (n = 345)	MASLD (n = 343)	P value
Age (years)	56.71 ± 12.73	59.97 ± 11.9	53.44 ± 12.72	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m2)	25.16 ± 3.64	23.88 ± 3.21	26.45 ± 3.59	< 0.001
SBP (mmHg)	129.38 ± 18.11	128.11 ± 18.75	130.66 ± 17.37	0.064
DBP (mmHg)	78.37 ± 11.56	75.43 ± 11.1	81.33 ± 11.27	< 0.001
HbA1c (%)	9.10 ± 2.29	9.08 ± 2.50	9.12 ± 2.06	0.835
WBC (× 109/L)	6.35 ± 1.71	6.11 ± 1.55	6.60 ± 1.82	< 0.001
RBC (× 1012/L), median (Q1, Q3)	4.57 (4.22, 4.94)	4.46 (4.09, 4.85)	4.70 (4.35, 5.03)	0.291
PLT (× 109/L)	190.45 ± 56.48	186.71 ± 61.13	194.20 ± 51.19	0.083
TP (g/L)	65.23 ± 5.62	64.75 ± 5.53	65.72 ± 5.68	0.024
ALT (U/L)	29.08 ± 30.09	23.61 ± 29.12	34.59 ± 30.09	< 0.001
AST (U/L)	24.99 ± 23.85	22.13 ± 16.25	27.87 ± 29.34	0.002
BUN (mmol/L)	6.69 ± 2.35	7.13 ± 2.4	6.24 ± 2.21	< 0.001
TC (mmol/L)	4.72 ± 1.44	4.57 ± 1.47	4.87 ± 1.39	0.007
TG (mmol/L)	2.33 ± 2.68	1.76 ± 1.67	2.91 ± 3.31	< 0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.10 ± 0.32	1.14 ± 0.27	1.06 ± 0.35	< 0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.82 ± 0.93	2.71 ± 0.88	2.93 ± 0.97	0.003
FBG (mmol/L)	8.51 ± 3.87	8.48 ± 4.41	8.53 ± 3.24	0.863
ZJU index	40.07 ± 7.03	37.88 ± 6.67	42.27 ± 6.7	< 0.001
Scr (mmol/L)	61.00 (49, 72)	61.00 (50, 75)	60.00 (49, 70)	0.143
UA (mmol/L), median (Q1, Q3)	326.00 (267.5, 386)	310.00 (255, 372)	346.00 (284, 409.5)	< 0.001
Sex (male)	458 (66.57)	221 (64.06)	237 (69.1)	0.161
Smoking	254 (36.92)	120 (34.78)	134 (39.07)	0.244
Drinking	272 (39.53)	115 (33.33)	157 (45.77)	< 0.001
Hypertension	360 (52.33)	172 (49.86)	188 (54.81)	0.193
CAD	71 (10.32)	46 (13.33)	25 (7.29)	0.009

MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; BMI: Body mass index; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; WBC: White blood cell count; RBC: Red blood cell count; PLT: Platelet; TP: Total protein; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglyceride; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; ZJU: Zhejiang University; Scr: Serum creatinine; UA: Uric acid; CAD: Coronary artery disease.