Association between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein ratio and mental health symptoms in people with type 2 diabetes

Table 3 Subgroup analysis of the correlation of uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with depression/anxiety

Subgroup	n	SDS, β (95%CI)	P value	SAS, β (95%CI)	P value
Gender
Female	103	1.86 (1.17-2.54)	< 0.0001	0.77 (0.15-1.38)	0.0144
Male	182	1.22 (0.70-1.73)	< 0.0001	0.79 (0.34-1.24)	0.0006
Age (years)
< 60	144	1.32 (0.69-1.96)	< 0.0001	0.49 (-0.10-1.08)	0.1030
≥ 60	141	0.94 (0.34-1.55)	0.0023	0.64 (0.21-1.06)	0.0037
Education (n, %)
Illiterate	34	2.03 (1.12-2.94)	< 0.0001	0.63 (0.01-1.24)	0.0454
Primary school	72	1.17 (0.37-1.98)	0.0042	0.56 (-0.12 to 1.23)	0.1060
Junior high school	95	1.18 (0.45-1.91)	0.0014	0.65 (0.02-1.27)	0.0415
Senior high school	40	-0.33 (-1.41 to 0.75)	0.5472	0.26 (-0.53 to 1.05)	0.5230
College or above	44	1.12 (-0.19 to 2.43)	0.0932	0.63 (-0.29 to 1.54)	0.1778
DM duration (years)
< 1	45	0.04 (-1.28 to 1.37)	0.9493	-0.44 (-1.52 to 0.64)	0.4234
< 10	139	0.97 (0.38-1.56)	0.0013	0.89 (0.48-1.29)	< 0.0001
< 20	62	2.11 (1.10-3.11)	< 0.0001	-0.16 (-1.11 to 0.79)	0.7387
≥ 20	35	0.88 (-0.27 to 2.03)	0.1328	0.27 (-0.75 to 1.30)	0.5995
Smoking
No	159	1.30 (0.72-1.89)	< 0.0001	0.67 (0.24-1.09)	0.0023
Yes	126	1.09 (0.42-1.76)	0.0014	0.63 (0.03-1.23)	0.0400
Drinking
No	181	1.06 (0.50-1.61)	0.0002	0.57 (0.12-1.02)	0.0124
Yes	104	1.31 (0.57-2.05)	0.0005	0.65 (0.03-1.27)	0.0391
BMI (kg/m2)
< 24	122	0.80 (-0.03 to 1.62)	0.0581	0.35 (-0.26 to 0.96)	0.2626
≥ 24	163	1.36 (0.82-1.90)	< 0.0001	0.70 (0.23-1.17)	0.0034
HBA1C (%)
< 7.0	70	0.96 (0.22-1.69)	0.0105	0.67 (0.19-1.16)	0.0067
≥ 7.0	215	1.22 (0.68-1.77)	< 0.0001	0.52 (0.04-1.01)	0.0336

BMI: Body mass index; DM: Diabetes mellitus; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.