Association between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein ratio and mental health symptoms in people with type 2 diabetes

Table 2 The results of univariate analysis, n (%)

Variables	SDS, β (95%CI)	P value	SAS, β (95%CI)	P value
Gender
Female	Reference		Reference
Male	-2.69 (-5.19 to -0.19)	0.0351	-2.71 (-4.57 to -0.84)	0.0045
Age (years)	0.13 (0.05-0.21)	0.0010	0.11 (0.06-0.16)	< 0.0001
Education
Illiterate	Reference		Reference
Primary school	-3.14 (-7.38 to 1.10)	0.1471	-3.51 (-6.46 to -0.57)	0.0193
Junior high school	-2.83 (-6.91 to 1.24)	0.1731	-7.49 (-10.26 to -4.71)	< 0.0001
Senior high school	-4.28 (-8.96 to 0.39)	0.0724	-8.08 (-11.22 to -4.93)	< 0.0001
College or above	-7.12 (-11.81 to -2.44)	0.0029	-6.28 (-9.29 to -3.26)	< 0.0001
DM duration (years)
< 1	Reference		Reference
< 10	3.29 (-0.25, 6.83)	0.0689	3.74 (1.29, 6.20)	0.0028
< 20	2.17 (-1.90, 6.23)	0.2963	3.80 (1.02, 6.58)	0.0073
≥ 20	3.75 (-0.74, 8.24)	0.1019	3.38 (-0.09, 6.85)	0.0561
Smoking
No	0		0
Yes	-1.61 (-4.11, 0.89)	0.2058	-2.21 (-4.05, -0.37)	0.0188
Drinking
No	Reference		Reference
Yes	-0.42 (-3.02, 2.17)	0.7496	-2.04 (-3.93, -0.15)	0.0346
BMI (kg/m2)	0.12 (-0.15, 0.39)	0.3859	0.14 (-0.09, 0.37)	0.2269
HbA1c (%)	-0.39 (-0.90, 0.13)	0.1449	-0.12 (-0.46, 0.22)	0.4891
FPG (mmol/L)	-0.01 (-0.46, 0.44)	0.9518	0.01 (-0.29, 0.31)	0.9645
AST (U/L)	0.05 (-0.02, 0.12)	0.1908	0.02 (-0.04, 0.08)	0.4797
ALT (U/L)	0.00 (-0.05, 0.06)	0.9513	-0.01 (-0.05, 0.03)	0.7473
TG (mmol/L)	-0.01 (-0.59, 0.56)	0.9670	-0.24 (-0.66, 0.18)	0.2606
TC (mmol/L)	-1.26 (-2.18, -0.33)	0.0078	-0.71 (-1.39, -0.03)	0.0400
LDL-C (mmol/L)	-1.59 (-2.52, -0.66)	0.0008	-0.97 (-1.71, -0.24)	0.0095
HDL-C (mmol/L)	-5.58 (-9.92, -1.23)	0.0119	-1.29 (-4.41, 1.82)	0.4154
UA (mg/dL)	1.25 (0.61, 1.88)	0.0001	0.75 (0.27, 1.24)	0.0022
UHR	1.13 (0.69, 1.58)	< 0.0001	0.57 (0.20, 0.93)	0.0026

ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; DM: Diabetes mellitus; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; LDL-C: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SAS: Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; SDS: Self-Rating Depression Scale; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; UHR: Uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; HDL-C: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; UA: Urine acid.