Anti-inflammatory effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of type 1 diabetes: A mini review

Figure 2 Cannabidiol activity on the cannabinoid receptor type 2 in leukocytes this figure illustrates the mechanism by which cannabidiol interacts with cannabinoid receptor type 2 Located on leukocyte membranes, emphasizing its role in modulating inflammation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Upon binding to cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2), cannabinoid (CBD) activates G protein-coupled signaling pathways that inhibit adenylate cyclase, without impacting calcium-dependent ion channels. This inhibition lowers intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and reduces protein kinase A activity, ultimately leading to decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines (represented by the spiral icon), such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-1β. Additionally, CBD may influence other inflammatory mediators, including nuclear factor kappa B and chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, suggesting a broader anti-inflammatory effect. Through these mechanisms, CBD contributes to the attenuation of pancreatic inflammation and the preservation of β-cell function in type 1 diabetes mellitus.