Nicotinamide mononucleotide protects against diabetic nephropathy via IL-6/Rab5-mediated crosstalk between proximal tubular epithelial cells and podocytes

Figure 1 High-dose glucose-induced nephrin endocytosis promotes podocyte injury and endocytosis inhibitors block this effect. A and B: Western blot analysis of cytoplasmic nephrin, membrane nephrin, and total nephrin in podocytes after different treatments and densitometric quantification of these results (n = 3); C: Representative confocal microscopy images of podocytes after different treatments (magnification: × 1000; scale bar: 50 μm; blue: Nuclei; red: Cytoskeleton); D: Adhesion of podocytes after different treatments (n = 3); E and F: Representative electron microscopy images of podocyte spreading after different treatments (magnification: × 400; scale bar: 20 μm) and quantification of these results (n = 3). ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.001. HG: High-dose glucose.